Table 2.

Unique resources and capabilities

Resource/capabilityDescriptionInterview excerptESG dimension addressed
Technological endowmentsProprietary technologies, renewable energy sources, energy-efficient products and circular economy models“Our proprietary technology not only reduces waste but also transforms it into reusable materials” (Respondent #11)Environmental
Access to green finance investmentsInvestment in renewable energy projects and sustainability-focused ventures“We secured funding specifically for our renewable energy project, which has been pivotal in scaling our operations sustainably” (Respondent #33)Environmental
Innovative organisational capacityAbility to innovate and adapt quickly to environmental challenges, leveraging cutting-edge green technologies and eco-friendly processes“We utilize our innovative capacity and adaptability not just to stay competitive, but also to tackle environmental challenges head-on” (Respondent #7)Environmental
Social responsibility practicesFocus on employee well-being, gender equality, community involvement, workplace safety and rejection of discrimination“We set ourselves to have the same number of men and women and to work in groups with a homogeneous composition” (Respondent #18)Social
Governance practicesEthical decision-making, diversity policies, alignment with stakeholders’ interests and transparent management“Every decision for us has a critical impact on people’s lives, and we take it very seriously, acting transparently in the interests of all involved” (Respondent #25)Governance
Agility and flexibilityStart-up’s ability to implement sustainable initiatives rapidly, responding to ESG challenges with innovation and speed“Our startup’s agility allows us to implement and iterate on sustainable initiatives rapidly” (Respondent #12)Environmental and social
Workplace culture and employee empowermentA workplace where employees have the freedom to make decisions and where their well-being is prioritised“There are no work schedules here: everyone has a goal to achieve, and everyone can organize the way they like as long as they achieve that goal” (Respondent #12)Social
Customer-centric business modelsBusiness models that are inherently sustainable and aligned with customer values, emphasising environmental and social challenges“It is the core business that has to be inherently sustainable…because it means that business will no longer be accepted, that the license to operate will be lost” (Respondent #10)Environmental and social
Sustainable product developmentFocus on developing products and services that are environmentally sustainable, minimising their ecological footprint“Sustainability is at the heart of our business model; every decision we make is evaluated for its environmental impact” (Respondent #37)Environmental
Ethical leadership and transparencyCommitment to ethical leadership, openness in decision-making and accountability to stakeholders“The strength of our organization and the choices we make depend on the strength of the ethical, compliance, and quality standards we have set for ourselves” (Respondent #1)Governance
Source: Authors’ own work

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