Table 2. Summary of meta-analyses...

Table 2.

Summary of meta-analyses results across all outcome measures

Safety event	No. of trusts	No. of intervention wards	Change (%)	95% CIs (%)
Safety event	No. of trusts	No. of intervention wards	Change (%)	Lower	Upper
Self-harma	4	7	−38.9	−60.0	−6.8
Falls	3	7^b	−36.6	−52.1	−16.2
Assaults	6	10	−21.1	−31.1	−9.6
Restraint – physical	3	4	−24.2	−50.2	15.2
Restraint – rapid tranquillisation	4	5^b	−33.6	−60.1	10.3

Safety event	No. of trusts	No. of intervention wards	Change (%)	95% CIs (%)
Safety event	No. of trusts	No. of intervention wards	Change (%)	Lower	Upper
Self-harma	4	7	−38.9	−60.0	−6.8
Falls	3	7^b	−36.6	−52.1	−16.2
Assaults	6	10	−21.1	−31.1	−9.6
Restraint – physical	3	4	−24.2	−50.2	15.2
Restraint – rapid tranquillisation	4	5^b	−33.6	−60.1	10.3

Note(s):

CI = confidence interval.

^aFor self-harm, the meta-analysis included six control wards; therefore, change statistics reported are based on relative risk.

^bDue to low incident rates, data from two wards were combined and these wards were treated as a single ward in the analysis

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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