Reliability and validity
| Factor | Item | Loading | Cronbach’s alpha | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two-way communication (TWC) | TWC1 | 0.802 | 0.717 | 0.748 | 0.633 |
| TWC2 | 0.743 | ||||
| TWC3 | 0.837 | ||||
| Active control (ACC) | ACC1 | 0.862 | 0.842 | 0.842 | 0.760 |
| ACC2 | 0.872 | ||||
| ACC3 | 0.881 | ||||
| Synchronicity (SYN) | SYN1 | 0.830 | 0.843 | 0.853 | 0.761 |
| SYN2 | 0.911 | ||||
| SYN3 | 0.874 | ||||
| Customization (CUS) | CUS1 | 0.910 | 0.883 | 0.883 | 0.810 |
| CUS2 | 0.910 | ||||
| CUS3 | 0.880 | ||||
| Localization (LOC) | LOC1 | 0.911 | 0.909 | 0.910 | 0.846 |
| LOC2 | 0.925 | ||||
| LOC3 | 0.923 | ||||
| Argument quality (ARQ) | ARQ1 | 0.841 | 0.826 | 0.828 | 0.742 |
| ARQ2 | 0.855 | ||||
| ARQ3 | 0.887 | ||||
| Source credibility (SOC) | SOC1 | 0.908 | 0.858 | 0.861 | 0.781 |
| SOC2 | 0.930 | ||||
| SOC3 | 0.809 | ||||
| Connectivity (CON) | CON1 | 0.893 | 0.901 | 0.903 | 0.835 |
| CON2 | 0.909 | ||||
| CON3 | 0.938 | ||||
| Sense of safety (SOS) | SOS1 | 0.898 | 0.888 | 0.891 | 0.817 |
| SOS2 | 0.927 | ||||
| SOS3 | 0.886 | ||||
| Navigation affordance (NVA) | NVA1 | 0.840 | 0.848 | 0.863 | 0.766 |
| NVA2 | 0.885 | ||||
| NVA3 | 0.900 | ||||
| Hedonic smart experience (HSE) | HSE1 | 0.921 | 0.925 | 0.926 | 0.869 |
| HSE2 | 0.923 | ||||
| HSE3 | 0.953 | ||||
| Cognitive smart experience (CoSE) | CoSE1 | 0.926 | 0.914 | 0.914 | 0.853 |
| CoSE2 | 0.927 | ||||
| CoSE3 | 0.918 | ||||
| Affinity (AFF) | AFF1 | 0.907 | 0.853 | 0.887 | 0.773 |
| AFF2 | 0.929 | ||||
| AFF3 | 0.796 | ||||
| Stickiness (STI) | STI1 | 0.802 | 0.905 | 0.916 | 0.779 |
| STI2 | 0.899 | ||||
| STI3 | 0.908 | ||||
| STI4 | 0.917 |
| Factor | Item | Loading | Cronbach’s alpha | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two-way communication (TWC) | TWC1 | 0.802 | 0.717 | 0.748 | 0.633 |
| TWC2 | 0.743 | ||||
| TWC3 | 0.837 | ||||
| Active control (ACC) | ACC1 | 0.862 | 0.842 | 0.842 | 0.760 |
| ACC2 | 0.872 | ||||
| ACC3 | 0.881 | ||||
| Synchronicity (SYN) | SYN1 | 0.830 | 0.843 | 0.853 | 0.761 |
| SYN2 | 0.911 | ||||
| SYN3 | 0.874 | ||||
| Customization (CUS) | CUS1 | 0.910 | 0.883 | 0.883 | 0.810 |
| CUS2 | 0.910 | ||||
| CUS3 | 0.880 | ||||
| Localization (LOC) | LOC1 | 0.911 | 0.909 | 0.910 | 0.846 |
| LOC2 | 0.925 | ||||
| LOC3 | 0.923 | ||||
| Argument quality (ARQ) | ARQ1 | 0.841 | 0.826 | 0.828 | 0.742 |
| ARQ2 | 0.855 | ||||
| ARQ3 | 0.887 | ||||
| Source credibility (SOC) | SOC1 | 0.908 | 0.858 | 0.861 | 0.781 |
| SOC2 | 0.930 | ||||
| SOC3 | 0.809 | ||||
| Connectivity (CON) | CON1 | 0.893 | 0.901 | 0.903 | 0.835 |
| CON2 | 0.909 | ||||
| CON3 | 0.938 | ||||
| Sense of safety (SOS) | SOS1 | 0.898 | 0.888 | 0.891 | 0.817 |
| SOS2 | 0.927 | ||||
| SOS3 | 0.886 | ||||
| Navigation affordance (NVA) | NVA1 | 0.840 | 0.848 | 0.863 | 0.766 |
| NVA2 | 0.885 | ||||
| NVA3 | 0.900 | ||||
| Hedonic smart experience (HSE) | HSE1 | 0.921 | 0.925 | 0.926 | 0.869 |
| HSE2 | 0.923 | ||||
| HSE3 | 0.953 | ||||
| Cognitive smart experience (CoSE) | CoSE1 | 0.926 | 0.914 | 0.914 | 0.853 |
| CoSE2 | 0.927 | ||||
| CoSE3 | 0.918 | ||||
| Affinity (AFF) | AFF1 | 0.907 | 0.853 | 0.887 | 0.773 |
| AFF2 | 0.929 | ||||
| AFF3 | 0.796 | ||||
| Stickiness (STI) | STI1 | 0.802 | 0.905 | 0.916 | 0.779 |
| STI2 | 0.899 | ||||
| STI3 | 0.908 | ||||
| STI4 | 0.917 |
Source(s): Authors’ own work