Table 4

Reliability and validity

FactorItemLoadingCronbach’s alphaCRAVE
Two-way communication (TWC)TWC10.8020.7170.7480.633
TWC20.743   
TWC30.837   
Active control (ACC)ACC10.8620.8420.8420.760
ACC20.872   
ACC30.881   
Synchronicity (SYN)SYN10.8300.8430.8530.761
SYN20.911   
SYN30.874   
Customization (CUS)CUS10.9100.8830.8830.810
CUS20.910   
CUS30.880   
Localization (LOC)LOC10.9110.9090.9100.846
LOC20.925   
LOC30.923   
Argument quality (ARQ)ARQ10.8410.8260.8280.742
ARQ20.855   
ARQ30.887   
Source credibility (SOC)SOC10.9080.8580.8610.781
SOC20.930   
SOC30.809   
Connectivity (CON)CON10.8930.9010.9030.835
CON20.909   
CON30.938   
Sense of safety (SOS)SOS10.8980.8880.8910.817
SOS20.927   
SOS30.886   
Navigation affordance (NVA)NVA10.8400.8480.8630.766
NVA20.885   
NVA30.900   
Hedonic smart experience (HSE)HSE10.9210.9250.9260.869
HSE20.923   
HSE30.953   
Cognitive smart experience (CoSE)CoSE10.9260.9140.9140.853
CoSE20.927   
CoSE30.918   
Affinity (AFF)AFF10.9070.8530.8870.773
AFF20.929   
AFF30.796   
Stickiness (STI)STI10.8020.9050.9160.779
STI20.899   
STI30.908   
STI40.917   

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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