Table 1

Descriptive statistics

Full sample (1/04/2012 4/30/2024)Normal (1/02/2012 12/31/2019)COVID-19 (1/03/2020 12/31/2021)Economic crisis (1/04/2022 4/30/2024)
RASPIRSNPRASPIRSNPRASPIRSNPRASPIRSNP
Mean0.02430.00590.0005−0.00280.23650.17930.0020−0.0250
Median0.00780.0085−0.0086−0.00950.28980.23850.0246−0.0057
Maximum6.927110.30434.95674.34604.97055.53396.927110.3043
Minimum−16.3900−21.0430−3.7227−4.5039−7.9612−7.6025−16.3900−21.0430
Std. Dev0.99891.21780.58250.65731.46541.47621.57942.0144
Skewness−1.7645−2.0413−0.0463−0.1712−1.0801−0.7393−1.8159−1.6057
Kurtosis35.635746.121610.24379.48818.13198.114225.578226.7297
Observations2,9222,9221,9241,924302302549549

Source(s): Author’s own creation

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