Table 2. Frequency ranking of proposed... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Frequency ranking of proposed strategies

Code	Solutions	Frequency	Reference
S1	Development of direct, clear, enabling and integrating policies	25	Alyamani et al. (2024); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Kamdar and Liu (2025); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Oryani et al. (2021); Shahzad et al. (2023); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S2	Financial incentives and subsidies	24	Akpahou et al. (2024); Alyamani et al. (2024); Dai and Solangi (2023); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Mostafaeipour et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Wu et al. (2022)
S3	Training and capacity building	23	Al Asbahi et al. (2020); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Mostafaeipour et al. (2021); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S4	Public awareness-raising	21	Alyamani et al. (2024); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Shah et al. (2019); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Solangi et al. (2025)
S5	Improved funding mechanism	18	Cai et al. (2022); Dai and Solangi (2023); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S6	Support research and development	17	Alyamani et al. (2024); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Lalita et al. (2025); Oryani et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Rocha et al. (2023); Thakur et al. (2023)
S7	Coordination and cooperation among key institutions	15	Al Asbahi et al. (2020); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Lalita et al. (2025); Shahzad et al. (2023); Solangi et al. (2025)
S8	Invest in grid infrastructure upgrade	9	Akpahou et al. (2024); Alyamani et al. (2024); Cai et al. (2022); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Kamdar and Liu (2025); Lalita et al. (2025); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S9	Renewable energy targets, quotas and mandate	8	Akpahou et al. (2024); Chisale and Lee (2023); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Pandey et al. (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022)
S10	Promoting local production	7	Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Oryani et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Thakur et al. (2023)
S11	Carbon pricing	4	Chisale and Lee (2023); Pandey et al. (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Solangi et al. (2021)

Code	Solutions	Frequency	Reference
S1	Development of direct, clear, enabling and integrating policies	25	Alyamani et al. (2024); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Kamdar and Liu (2025); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Oryani et al. (2021); Shahzad et al. (2023); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S2	Financial incentives and subsidies	24	Akpahou et al. (2024); Alyamani et al. (2024); Dai and Solangi (2023); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Mostafaeipour et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Wu et al. (2022)
S3	Training and capacity building	23	Al Asbahi et al. (2020); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Mostafaeipour et al. (2021); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S4	Public awareness-raising	21	Alyamani et al. (2024); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Shah et al. (2019); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Solangi et al. (2025)
S5	Improved funding mechanism	18	Cai et al. (2022); Dai and Solangi (2023); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S6	Support research and development	17	Alyamani et al. (2024); Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Lalita et al. (2025); Oryani et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Rocha et al. (2023); Thakur et al. (2023)
S7	Coordination and cooperation among key institutions	15	Al Asbahi et al. (2020); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Lalita et al. (2025); Shahzad et al. (2023); Solangi et al. (2025)
S8	Invest in grid infrastructure upgrade	9	Akpahou et al. (2024); Alyamani et al. (2024); Cai et al. (2022); Dokyi and Sharifi (2024); Kamdar and Liu (2025); Lalita et al. (2025); Mohseni and Brent (2025); Solangi et al. (2025); Soltani and Imani (2024)
S9	Renewable energy targets, quotas and mandate	8	Akpahou et al. (2024); Chisale and Lee (2023); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Pandey et al. (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022)
S10	Promoting local production	7	Jahangoshai Rezaee et al. (2019); Mahmud and Roy (2021); Mekonnen et al. (2022); Oryani et al. (2021); Pathak et al. (2022); Thakur et al. (2023)
S11	Carbon pricing	4	Chisale and Lee (2023); Pandey et al. (2025); Shah and Longsheng (2022); Solangi et al. (2021)

Source(s): Authors’ own work