Regressions with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors: dependent variable: GHG emissions
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross value added (GVA) | 0.976*** | |||||
| (0.0317) | ||||||
| GDP per capita | −0.370*** | −0.171** | 0.151 | 0.239 | 0.143 | 0.127 |
| (0.0591) | (0.0791) | (0.161) | (0.149) | (0.159) | (0.168) | |
| Foreign direct investment | −0.00581 | −0.0306*** | −0.0633** | −0.0650** | −0.0588** | −0.0652** |
| (0.00670) | (0.00817) | (0.0218) | (0.0223) | (0.0221) | (0.0223) | |
| Governance | −0.124 | −0.307* | −1.017*** | −0.993*** | −0.863*** | −0.906*** |
| (0.137) | (0.147) | (0.278) | (0.278) | (0.288) | (0.268) | |
| ICT | 0.00172 | 0.000486 | 0.0125** | 0.0123** | 0.0140** | 0.0135** |
| (0.00149) | (0.00226) | (0.00508) | (0.00510) | (0.00503) | (0.00516) | |
| Women empowerment | 0.00271 | −0.0127* | 0.0107 | 0.0124 | 0.0109 | 0.0110 |
| (0.00303) | (0.00626) | (0.00819) | (0.00827) | (0.00847) | (0.00854) | |
| Resource rents | 0.0137*** | 0.0376*** | 0.0283** | 0.0297** | 0.0240** | 0.0314*** |
| (0.00423) | (0.00824) | (0.0102) | (0.0102) | (0.00998) | (0.00960) | |
| Taxes less subsidies | 0.911*** | |||||
| (0.0469) | ||||||
| Cost of business procedures | −0.00235 | |||||
| (0.00136) | ||||||
| Time to start a business | −0.00444*** | |||||
| (0.000893) | ||||||
| Start-up procedures | 0.0960** | |||||
| (0.0352) | ||||||
| Time to register property | −0.243 | |||||
| (0.138) | ||||||
| Constant | −10.49*** | −7.204*** | 6.953*** | 6.195*** | 5.971*** | 7.861*** |
| (0.854) | (0.934) | (1.566) | (1.414) | (1.498) | (1.657) | |
| Observations | 1,582 | 1,556 | 1,705 | 1,705 | 1,705 | 1,696 |
| Number of groups | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| R-squared | 0.911 | 0.829 | 0.200 | 0.207 | 0.213 | 0.214 |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross value added (GVA) | 0.976*** | |||||
| (0.0317) | ||||||
| GDP per capita | −0.370*** | −0.171** | 0.151 | 0.239 | 0.143 | 0.127 |
| (0.0591) | (0.0791) | (0.161) | (0.149) | (0.159) | (0.168) | |
| Foreign direct investment | −0.00581 | −0.0306*** | −0.0633** | −0.0650** | −0.0588** | −0.0652** |
| (0.00670) | (0.00817) | (0.0218) | (0.0223) | (0.0221) | (0.0223) | |
| Governance | −0.124 | −0.307* | −1.017*** | −0.993*** | −0.863*** | −0.906*** |
| (0.137) | (0.147) | (0.278) | (0.278) | (0.288) | (0.268) | |
| ICT | 0.00172 | 0.000486 | 0.0125** | 0.0123** | 0.0140** | 0.0135** |
| (0.00149) | (0.00226) | (0.00508) | (0.00510) | (0.00503) | (0.00516) | |
| Women empowerment | 0.00271 | −0.0127* | 0.0107 | 0.0124 | 0.0109 | 0.0110 |
| (0.00303) | (0.00626) | (0.00819) | (0.00827) | (0.00847) | (0.00854) | |
| Resource rents | 0.0137*** | 0.0376*** | 0.0283** | 0.0297** | 0.0240** | 0.0314*** |
| (0.00423) | (0.00824) | (0.0102) | (0.0102) | (0.00998) | (0.00960) | |
| Taxes less subsidies | 0.911*** | |||||
| (0.0469) | ||||||
| Cost of business procedures | −0.00235 | |||||
| (0.00136) | ||||||
| Time to start a business | −0.00444*** | |||||
| (0.000893) | ||||||
| Start-up procedures | 0.0960** | |||||
| (0.0352) | ||||||
| Time to register property | −0.243 | |||||
| (0.138) | ||||||
| Constant | −10.49*** | −7.204*** | 6.953*** | 6.195*** | 5.971*** | 7.861*** |
| (0.854) | (0.934) | (1.566) | (1.414) | (1.498) | (1.657) | |
| Observations | 1,582 | 1,556 | 1,705 | 1,705 | 1,705 | 1,696 |
| Number of groups | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| 0.911 | 0.829 | 0.200 | 0.207 | 0.213 | 0.214 |
Note(s): GDP = Gross domestic product; ICT = Information and communication technologies; Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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