Table 5

Sensitivity of environmental sustainability indicators across geographical regions

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
EAPECALACMENASouth AsiaSSA
Regressions with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors
VariablesDependent variable: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Gross value added (GVA)0.967***1.022***0.940***1.040***0.949***0.960***
(0.0682)(0.0687)(0.0290)(0.0604)(0.0302)(0.0833)
GDP per capita−0.460***−0.409**−0.0978−0.0836−0.627***−0.245**
(0.116)(0.182)(0.170)(0.102)(0.127)(0.0979)
Foreign direct investment0.0188*−0.0140*−0.00473−0.0283***0.0178−0.0135*
(0.00877)(0.00788)(0.0106)(0.00743)(0.0131)(0.00764)
governance0.294−0.239*−0.199−0.200−0.331**−0.321
(0.383)(0.119)(0.141)(0.171)(0.143)(0.352)
ICT0.005630.00600*0.0005630.00476**0.000324−0.00383
(0.00390)(0.00309)(0.00213)(0.00212)(0.00185)(0.00378)
Women empowerment−0.00174−0.005480.00504−0.00631*0.0008280.00451
(0.0160)(0.00717)(0.00752)(0.00345)(0.00495)(0.00784)
Resource rents0.0231***0.01650.0202−0.00846**0.157***−0.00160
(0.00669)(0.0114)(0.0119)(0.00324)(0.0306)(0.00995)
Constant−9.647***−10.74***−12.26***−14.12***−8.276***−10.70***
(1.682)(1.124)(1.307)(1.363)(0.682)(1.723)
Observations128261345175107566
Number of groups141414141415
R-squared0.9560.9490.9600.9640.9900.854

Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; ECA = Europe and Central Asia; LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean; MENA = Middle East and North Africa; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; GDP = Gross domestic product; ICT = Information and communication technologies

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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