Description of variables and data sources
| Variables | Variable code | Definition of variable | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greenhouse gas emissions (log) | GHG | Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Gross value added (log) | GVA_worker | Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Start-up procedures | startprocreg | Start-up procedures to register a business (number) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Cost of business procedures | costbusproc | Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Taxes less subsidies (log) | taxsubs | Taxes less subsidies on products (current US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Time to register property | timereg | Time required to register property (days) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Time to start a business | timestart | Time required to start a business (days) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Governance | Governance index (estimate) | Authors, from World Bank (WGI) | |
| ICT | ictmobile | Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Women empowerment | womenempower | Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1–100) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Foreign direct investment | FDI | Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Resource rents | resourcesrents | Total natural resource rents (% GDP) | World Bank (WDI) |
| GDP per capita (log) | gdpk | GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Variables | Variable code | Definition of variable | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greenhouse gas emissions (log) | GHG | Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Gross value added (log) | GVA_worker | Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Start-up procedures | startprocreg | Start-up procedures to register a business (number) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Cost of business procedures | costbusproc | Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Taxes less subsidies (log) | taxsubs | Taxes less subsidies on products (current US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Time to register property | timereg | Time required to register property (days) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Time to start a business | timestart | Time required to start a business (days) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Governance | Governance index (estimate) | Authors, from World Bank (WGI) | |
| ICT | ictmobile | Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Women empowerment | womenempower | Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1–100) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Foreign direct investment | FDI | Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Resource rents | resourcesrents | Total natural resource rents (% GDP) | World Bank (WDI) |
| GDP per capita (log) | gdpk | GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) | World Bank (WDI) |
Note(s): WDI = World development Indicators; WGI = World governance Indicators; log = natural logarithm; ICT = Information and communication technologies
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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