Table 1 Comparisons of the different... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Comparisons of the different machine learning approaches used for building inventory modeling, sorted based on spatial scale

Spatial scale	Geographic location	3D building geometry	Predicted attributes	Reference
Neighborhood	Vancouver, Canada	Yes	Age	Tooke et al. (2014)
Neighborhood	Trento and Bologna, Italy	Yes	Height	Farella et al. (2021)
City	Rotterdam, the Netherlands	Yes	Age	Biljecki and Sindram (2017)
City	Nottingham, UK	Yes	Age	Rosser et al. (2019)
City	Shenzhen, China	Yes	Age	Mao et al. (2022)
City	North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany	Yes	Age	Garbasevschi et al. (2021)
City	Rotterdam, The Netherlands	Yes	Height	Biljecki et al. (2017)
City and National	The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, France	Partial	Height	Milojevic-Dupont et al. (2020b)
National	Canada and USA	No	Height and floor space	Arehart et al. (2021)
National	The Netherlands, France, Spain	Yes	Age	Nachtigall et al. (2023)

Spatial scale	Geographic location	3D building geometry	Predicted attributes	Reference
Neighborhood	Vancouver, Canada	Yes	Age	Tooke et al. (2014)
Neighborhood	Trento and Bologna, Italy	Yes	Height	Farella et al. (2021)
City	Rotterdam, the Netherlands	Yes	Age	Biljecki and Sindram (2017)
City	Nottingham, UK	Yes	Age	Rosser et al. (2019)
City	Shenzhen, China	Yes	Age	Mao et al. (2022)
City	North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany	Yes	Age	Garbasevschi et al. (2021)
City	Rotterdam, The Netherlands	Yes	Height	Biljecki et al. (2017)
City and National	The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, France	Partial	Height	Milojevic-Dupont et al. (2020b)
National	Canada and USA	No	Height and floor space	Arehart et al. (2021)
National	The Netherlands, France, Spain	Yes	Age	Nachtigall et al. (2023)