Table 2

Main characteristics of the included studies

AuthorsTitleYearGameGame intervention
1. Arrighi, WalkerParticipatory Video and games for a new climate2014Ready!Disaster preparedness ideas
2. Wolf-Fordham et al.Educating first responders to provide emergency services to individuals with disabilities2014Rescue-DEmergency response for people with disabilities
3. Özpolat et al.Engaging donors in smart compassion: USAID CIDI’s greatest good donation calculator2015Greatest good donation calculatorMonetary vs material donations
4. Radianti et al.Fire simulation-based adaptation of SmartRescue app for serious game: design, setup and user experience2015Disaster in my backyard gameSearch and rescue simulation
5. SuarezRethinking engagement: innovations in how humanitarians explore geoinformation2015UpRiverFlood prediction and preparedness
6. Tsai et al.Exploring the effects of a serious game-based learning package for disaster prevention education: the case of battle of flooding protection2015Water gameFlood management and mitigation
7. Dethridge, QuinnRealtime emergency communication in virtual worlds2016Second lifeEmergency scenario training
8. Mossoux et al.Hazagora: will you survive the next disaster? a serious game to raise awareness about geohazards and disaster risk reduction2016HazagoraCommunity resilience to geological hazards
9. Rauner et al.A policy management game for mass casualty incidents: an experimental study2016AMP-management gameEmergency medical training and resource planning
10. Musacchio et al.Education: can a bottom-up strategy help for earthquake disaster prevention?2016Treme-tremeEarthquake safety for children
11. Tena-Chollet et al.Training decision-makers: existing strategies for natural and technological crisis management and specifications of an improved simulation-based tool2016Name not mentionedDecision-making, communication and coordination in crises
12. Pardede et al.Animating cows to follow player2017Name not mentionedVolcanic eruption mitigation education
13. Andrews et al.High-risk high-reward investments to mitigate climate change2018Climate gameDecision-making in climate change
14. Bertazzo et al.Coordination mechanisms in humanitarian operations management: a conceptual model of a simulator and a proposal for a humanitarian logistics game2018Name not mentionedDecision-making in disaster contexts
15. Chen et al.Research on emergency rescue of urban flood disaster based on wargame simulation2018Wargame-based simulationUrban disaster management training
16. Onencan and Van de WalleFrom Paris agreement to action: enhancing climate change familiarity and situation awareness2018Nzoia WeShareItClimate risk awareness for policymakers
17. PillaiEmergency preparedness through game playing2018Name not mentionedDisaster education and preparedness
18. William et al.Extendable board game to facilitate learning in supply chain management2018ThinkLogOptimizing disaster relief logistics
19. Aldunate et al.Video game-based platform to improve decision making during response to large scale natural disasters2019Disaster management video gameDecision-making in disasters
20. Caroca et al.Epistemic video game for education in wildfire response: a pilot study2019Epistemic video gameDisaster risk management education
21. Komori et al.QR HUG: a study on the development of a game to manage a shelter using QR codes2019HUG e QR HUGShelter management training
22. Lukosch, ComesGaming as a research method in humanitarian logistics2019PLAITRAHumanitarian logistics processes
23. Achatz et al.Terror and disaster surgical care: training experienced trauma surgeons in decision making for a MASCAL situation with a tabletop simulation game2020TDSCHospital management of multi-casualty incidents
24. Booth et al.Simulating synergies between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction stakeholders to improve management of transboundary disasters in Europe2020RAMSETE I, II, IIIStakeholder interactions and collective decision-making
25. Fleming et al.The use of serious games in engaging stakeholders for disaster risk reduction, management and climate change adaption information elicitation2020RAMSETEClimate adaptation and disaster risk reduction
26. Kerlow et al.Earth girl volcano: characterizing and conveying volcanic hazard complexity in an interactive casual game of disaster preparedness and response2020Earth girl volcanoAwareness and resilience to volcanic hazards
27. Kremer et al.Using serious gaming to explore how uncertainty affects stakeholder decision-making across the science-policy divide during disasters2020ESpressoCrisis decision-making simulation
28. Mueller et al.MANTRA: development and localization of a mobile educational health game targeting low literacy players in low and middle income countries2020MANTRAHealth and geological hazard education
29. Sato et al.Sustainable community development for disaster resilience and human resources development for disaster risk reduction – growth and community contribution of the Katahira children’s board for community development2020DRRTHGResilience and disaster mitigation awareness
30. Sermet et al.A serious gaming framework for decision support on hydrological hazards2020Multihazard tournamentCommunity mitigation decision-making
31. Solarino Ferreira et al.What scientific information on the seismic risk to non-structural elements do people need to know?2020Do it right: be safer!Mitigation of nonstructural earthquake risks
32. Solarino Musacchio et al.Playing games for risk prevention: design, implementation and testing of serious games in recent European projects UPStrat-MAFA and knowRISK2020Treme-treme; do it right: be safer!; find the difference: be safer!Earthquake preparedness education
33. Tomaszewski et al.Supporting disaster resilience spatial thinking with serious GeoGames: project lily pad2020Project lily padDisaster resilience and GIS skills
34. ToyodaA framework of simulation and gaming for enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes: application for achievements in Japan2020Hinanjo unei; crossroad; evacuation simulation training; saske-nableEvacuation and shelter management
35. Tsai et al.Game-based education for disaster prevention2020Battle of flooding protectionDisaster prevention and citizen action
36. Catedrilla et al.An android-based mobile educational game for disaster preparedness: an input to risk reduction management2021Rules of disasterDisaster awareness and preparedness
37. De Ruiter et al.Breaking the silos: an online serious game for multi-risk disaster risk reduction (DRR) management2021Breaking the silosUnderstanding disaster management complexities
38. Le Dé et al.Fostering children’s participation in disaster risk reduction through play: a case study of LEGO and Minecraft2021LEGO; minecraftDisaster risk reduction for children
39. Mokhtar et al.Applying serious game elements to enhance flood safety training management2021Flood safety training gameFlood preparedness and safety
40. Mullin, 41. MilburnLogistics to the rescue: an elementary introduction to planning in disaster response decision environments2021Logistics to the rescueIntroduce search and rescue concepts and planning at various stages
41. Weyrich et al.Using serious games to evaluate the potential of social media information in early warning disaster management2021SANYCaREDecision-making in emergencies and social media use
42. Bogdan, CottarA serious role-playing game as a pedagogical innovation to strengthen flood resilience2022Flood resilience challengeIncrease flood resilience
43. ConteA natural disaster framed common pool resource game yields no framing effects among mongolian pastoralists2022Common pool resource gameResource management in disasters
44. Hosseini et al.Game-based vs case-based training for increasing knowledge and behavioral fluency of nurse students regarding crisis and disaster management; a quasi-experimental study2022Name not mentionedCrisis management training for nursing students
45. Klein et al.Teaching humanitarian logistics with the disaster response game2022Disaster response gameCoordination and logistics in disasters
46. Olivares-Rodríguez et al.Costa resiliente: a serious game co-designed to foster resilience thinking2022Costa resilienteCoastal community resilience
47. Rismayani et al.Fundamental design of flood management educational games using virtual reality technology2022Flood disaster management simulationVR training in flood disaster management
48. Xu and DaiImmersive disaster training schema based on team role-playing2022VR and role-playingDecision-making in disasters
49. Chew et al.Tutorless board game as an alternative to tabletop exercise for disaster response training: perception of interaction engagement and behavioral intention2023SMARTriageDisaster response training for medical students
50. D'Amico et al.A nonimmersive virtual reality serious game application for flood safety training2023Name not mentionedFlood awareness and preparedness
51. Feizizadeh; Adabikhosh; PanahiA scenario-based and game-based geographical information system (GIS) approach for earthquake disaster simulation and crisis mitigation2023GISscienceOptimize the effectiveness of rescue teams and crisis management facilities
52. Purnama Sari et al.Development of “Moroca” as a learning media for reproductive health services in disaster situations2023MorocaReproductive health in disasters
53. Toyoda; TanwattanaExtracting local disaster knowledge through gamification in a flood management model community in Thailand2023Local disaster knowledge gameExtracting local flood management knowledge
54. Solarino S. et al.Inundation: a gaming app for a sustainable approach to sea level rise2024InundationYouth engagement in sea level rise issues
55. Asgary et al.Road to resettlement: understanding post-disaster relocation and resettlement challenges and complexities through a serious game2024Road to resettlementUnderstanding challenges in resettlement
56. Arakawa; Sister Yamada; SugimoriDevelopment and evaluation of a game to foster sustainable self-help and mutual help education for disaster prevention2024Name not mentionedCommunity education for disaster prevention
57. Marahatta; Ghimire; Poplin,Designing and evaluating games for landslides, earthquakes and fires: lesson learned from schools in Nepal2024Snakes and ladders Game for landslides awareness building; picture story game for fire safety; relay Game for earthquake awarenessEmergency response training
58. Naeemi et al.Pandemic resilience serious game: crafting an educational strategy board game2024PRSGPandemic decision-making and management
59. Tzioutzios et al.Serious gaming for Natech risk awareness: introducing EGNARIA2024EGNARIACommunity awareness of Natech accidents
Source(s): Adapted from Achatz et al. (2020), Aldunate et al. (2019), Andrews et al. (2018), Arakawa et al. (2024); Arrighi and Walker (2014); Asgary et al. (2024); Bertazzo et al. (2018); Bogdan and Cottar (2022); Booth et al. (2020); Caroca et al. (2019); Catedrilla et al. (2021); Chen et al. (2018); Chew et al. (2023); Conte (2022); D’Amico et al. (2023); Le Dé et al. (2021); Dethridge and Quinn (2016); Feizizadeh et al. (2023); Fleming et al. (2020); Hosseini et al. (2022); Kerlow et al. (2020); Klein et al. (2022); Komori et al. (2019); Kremer et al. (2020); Lukosch and Comes (2019); Marahatta et al. (2024); Mokhtar et al. (2021); Mossoux et al. (2016); Mueller et al. (2020); Mullin and Milburn (2021); Musacchio et al. (2016); Naeemi et al. (2024); Olivares-Rodríguez et al. (2022); Onencan and Van de Walle (2018); Özpolat et al. (2015); Pardede et al. (2017); Pillai et al., (2019); Purnama Sari et al. (2023); Radianti et al. (2015); Rauner et al. (2016); Rismayani et al. (2022); De Ruiter et al. (2021); Sato et al. (2020); Sermet et al. (2020); Solarino et al. (2024); Solarino et al., (2020a); Solarino et al. (2020b); Suarez (2015); Tena-Chollet et al. (2016); Tomaszewski et al. (2020); Toyoda (2020); Toyoda and Tanwattana (2023); Tsai et al. (2015, 2020); Tzioutzios et al. (2024); Weyrich et al. (2021); William et al. (2018); Wolf-Fordham et al. (2014); Xu and Dai (2022) 
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