Table 1. Barriers to adopting hidden...

Table 1.

Barriers to adopting hidden emergency exits

S/No.	Barrier categories	Barriers	References
1.	Technical barriers	Lack of evidence on reliability and performance	Adhikari et al. (2020), Almatari et al. (2024)
		Fewer HEE adoptions due to a limited number of design types
		Technical skills for constructing these exits
2.	Social barriers	Lack of knowledge of HEEs	Adhikari et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2023)
		Risk of using HEEs
		Limited understanding of the product quality
3.	Economic barriers	Higher production cost	Adhikari et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2023), Thompson et al. (2024)
		Uncertainties in the market
		Lack of financial resources
4.	Government policy and support barriers	Lack of government policy	Adhikari et al. (2020), Harrison and Johnson (2019), Chen et al. (2023), Almatari et al. (2024)
		Lack of government agencies’ support and enforcement
		Amendment of the national building codes
		Reducing the tax on technology
5.	Demographic factors	Age of the occupants	Thompson et al. (2024), Vu and Lin (2024).
		Gender of the occupants
		Living condition
		Education level
		Race/ethnicity of the occupants
6.	Design of the facility	Types of buildings	Wang et al. (2024), Fu et al. (2024a), Vu and Lin (2024), Ma et al. (2024).
		Location of exit doors
		Evacuation procedures in a facility
7.	Technology barriers	Lack of technology research	Almatari et al. (2024)
		Lack of investment in technology
		Complexity of the technology
		Knowledge of technology
		Credibility of the technology

S/No.	Barrier categories	Barriers	References
1.	Technical barriers	Lack of evidence on reliability and performance	Adhikari et al. (2020), Almatari et al. (2024)
		Fewer HEE adoptions due to a limited number of design types
		Technical skills for constructing these exits
2.	Social barriers	Lack of knowledge of HEEs	Adhikari et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2023)
		Risk of using HEEs
		Limited understanding of the product quality
3.	Economic barriers	Higher production cost	Adhikari et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2023), Thompson et al. (2024)
		Uncertainties in the market
		Lack of financial resources
4.	Government policy and support barriers	Lack of government policy	Adhikari et al. (2020), Harrison and Johnson (2019), Chen et al. (2023), Almatari et al. (2024)
		Lack of government agencies’ support and enforcement
		Amendment of the national building codes
		Reducing the tax on technology
5.	Demographic factors	Age of the occupants	Thompson et al. (2024), Vu and Lin (2024).
		Gender of the occupants
		Living condition
		Education level
		Race/ethnicity of the occupants
6.	Design of the facility	Types of buildings	Wang et al. (2024), Fu et al. (2024a), Vu and Lin (2024), Ma et al. (2024).
		Location of exit doors
		Evacuation procedures in a facility
7.	Technology barriers	Lack of technology research	Almatari et al. (2024)
		Lack of investment in technology
		Complexity of the technology
		Knowledge of technology
		Credibility of the technology

Source(s): Literature review, 2024

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