Table 9

Antecedent conditions, description and outcomes of different CSFs

External influence on beliefRealising actionsOutcomes
Low user-burden
  • The need to maintain low users' perceived costs (transaction fee, price volatility and compliance)

  • Charging no fixed cost but only a spread of the overall transaction amount

  • Introducing crypto-variants of traditional products/services with more favourable rates

  • Formation of the critical mass of users

  • Lower user switching intention

Asset liquidity high
  • The capital needs for expansion

  • Decreasing overhead cost

  • Decreasing the need for owning or maintaining fixed assets

  • Higher scalability for long-term development

Scalability
  • Rapidly changing environment and the cryptocurrency sector

  • Increasing traffic volume

  • Establish infrastructure with constant updates and an API for external collaborators' input

  • Adopting digital platforms as service frontends

  • Scaled-up services offering

  • Higher traffic volume supported

Variety
  • Diversified users' needs and innovativeness

  • Risk and price volatility of cryptocurrencies

  • Introducing a wide range of options, including crypto-variants of financial service options

  • Supporting a wider range of assets

  • Increased coverage of users' needs

Innovativeness
  • Highly competitive landscape

  • The need to overcome adoption barriers

  • Creating a culture of innovativeness

  • Including ostensibly unrelated options for users' engagement

  • Utilising API infrastructure for external collaborators' input

  • A wider range of service options was launched, possibly in non-financial service contexts

Compliance-sensitive
  • The impact of regulations

  • Users' burden and perception of cryptocurrency-related businesses (Both legal and social)

  • Showing complying facets

  • Building a more favourable environment for cryptocurrency

  • Supporting users in fulfilling legal requirements

  • More favourable regulatory environment

  • Enhanced legitimacy and image of crypto-exchanges

Transparency
  • Complex, high volatility and risky nature of cryptocurrencies

  • Communicating with users related to the business operations of the crypto-exchanges and market analysis

  • Increased user trust and confidence in cryptocurrency investment

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