Table 4

Factor loadings, reliability, and validity

ConstructItemLoadingCronbach's alpharho_AComposite reliability (CR)Average variance extracted (AVE)VIF
Academic pressures and incentives (API)  0.9200.9240.9380.716 
API10.848    2.546
API20.8402.601
API30.8502.572
API40.7771.980
API50.8743.202
API60.8843.288
Ethical and academic integrity (EAI)  0.9390.9470.9540.806 
EAI10.783    1.982
EAI20.9144.076
EAI30.9435.846
EAI40.9264.916
EAI50.9144.088
EAI10.7831.982
Educational environment and support (EES)  0.9240.9320.9410.729 
EES10.715    1.762
EES20.8692.972
EES30.9264.778
EES40.8573.141
EES50.8963.775
EES60.8432.677
Legal and Institutional consequences (LIC)  0.9310.9310.9560.879 
LIC10.943    4.255
LIC20.9404.041
LIC30.9293.345
Techniques to avoid plagiarism (TAP)  0.8810.8900.9100.628 
TAP10.882    2.942
TAP20.7661.968
TAP30.7441.680
TAP40.8212.351
TAP50.7531.751
TAP60.7801.949
Source(s): Authors' own creation
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