Table 7 Testing direct relationships...

Table 7

Testing direct relationships

	Original sample (O)	SD	t value (bootstrap)	p values	BI [2.5%; 97.5%]	Result
H1: TAP → EAI	0.775	0.040	19.428	0.000	[0.679; 0.840]	H1 is supported
H2: TAP → LIC	0.745	0.043	17.372	0.000	[0.644; 0.817]	H2 is supported
H3: EES → TAP	0.673	0.116	5.778	0.000	[0.437; 0.893]	H3 is supported
H4: API → TAP	0.111	0.124	0.896	0.370	[−0.121; 0.362]	H4 is not supported
R² EAI = 0.601	Q² EAI = 0.591
R² LIC = 0.556	Q² LIC = 0.535
R² TAP = 0.604	Q² TAP = 0.590

	Original sample (O)	SD	t value (bootstrap)	p values	BI [2.5%; 97.5%]	Result
H1: TAP → EAI	0.775	0.040	19.428	0.000	[0.679; 0.840]	H1 is supported
H2: TAP → LIC	0.745	0.043	17.372	0.000	[0.644; 0.817]	H2 is supported
H3: EES → TAP	0.673	0.116	5.778	0.000	[0.437; 0.893]	H3 is supported
H4: API → TAP	0.111	0.124	0.896	0.370	[−0.121; 0.362]	H4 is not supported
R² EAI = 0.601	Q² EAI = 0.591
R² LIC = 0.556	Q² LIC = 0.535
R² TAP = 0.604	Q² TAP = 0.590

Note(s): Abbreviations: Bias corrected confidence interval (BI); Educational environment and support (EES); Academic pressures and incentives (API); Ethical and academic integrity (EAI); Legal and Institutional consequences (LIC); Techniques to avoid plagiarism (TAP)

Source(s): Authors' own creation

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