Table 1

Factors affecting firms’ traceability efforts in multi-tier supply chains

Supply chainParticipantSupply chain complexityRegulatory and industry environmentsTraceability resourcesInformation sharing
Number of intermediariesGeographical distance and dispersionNumber of suppliersProduct and service complexityRegulatory pressure for traceabilityIndustry-wide traceability mechanismsTraceability requirements from customersInformation systems and toolsStaff allocationSupplier’s willingness to disclose informationSupplier’s capability to collect and share informationPower dynamics
TextileFF Textile Retail• •• •• •• •
FT Textile Products•••   •  •• 
LT Yarn ••• ••  •• 
Passenger trafficFF Passenger Traffic•• ••       
FT Agri-food Wholesale•  •• ••  • 
LT Confiture•••••• • •• 
LT Grain Mill 2•• •••    • 
FT Meal Solutions•• •• • • • 
RetailFF General Retail•••••  •  • 
FT Bakery•••••••   • 
LT Grain Mill 1•••••••     
LT Bakery Products      •• •• 
FT Meat••  •       
LT Packaging•  •• ••  • 
FT Agri-food Production •••   ••  •
AccommodationFF Accommodation•• ••• • •  
FT Service Provider••       •• 
LT Chemical Products••••   • •••
FT Beverage Manufacturer•• • •   •• 
LT Grain••    •• •• 
LT Beverages•• ••• ••• •
FT Construction••  • •  •  
Food serviceFF Food Service•• •    ••  
FT Agri-food Trade••  • •    •
LT Vegetables••  •• •  • 
Notes:

• = A mention about an effect on firm’s ability to trace the provenance of raw materials, products or services

Source(s): Authors’ own work
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