The levels of GDP per capita and corporate environmental responsibility
| Environmental pillar grade | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Panel A: GDP per capita quintile grouping | ||||||||
| 1 (lowest 20%) | 9 | 6.3 | 316 | 24.3(A,C) | 94 | 6.1 | 15 | 75(A,B,C) |
| 2 | 37 | 25.9(B) | 5 | 0.4 | 340 | 22(B) | 0 | 0.00# |
| 3 | 8 | 5.6 | 415 | 32(A,C) | 299 | 19.4(A) | 1 | 5.0 |
| 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 274 | 21.1(A) | 355 | 23(A) | 0 | 0.00# |
| 5 (highest 20%) | 88 | 61.5(B,C,D) | 288 | 22.2 | 455 | 29.5(B) | 4 | 20.0 |
| Total | 143 | 100.0 | 1,298 | 100.0 | 1,543 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 |
| Chi-square stats = 684.16***; df = 12 | ||||||||
| Panel B: Global North/South regions | ||||||||
| Global North | 88 | 61.5(B,C) | 467 | 36(C) | 480 | 31.1 | 0 | 0.00# |
| Global South | 55 | 38.5 | 831 | 64(A) | 1,063 | 68.9(A,B) | 20 | 100.0# |
| Total | 143 | 100.0 | 1,298 | 100.0 | 1,543 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 |
| Chi-square stats = 65.95***; df = 3 | ||||||||
| Environmental pillar grade | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| 1 (lowest 20%) | 9 | 6.3 | 316 | 24.3(A,C) | 94 | 6.1 | 15 | 75(A,B,C) |
| 2 | 37 | 25.9(B) | 5 | 0.4 | 340 | 22(B) | 0 | 0.00# |
| 3 | 8 | 5.6 | 415 | 32(A,C) | 299 | 19.4(A) | 1 | 5.0 |
| 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 274 | 21.1(A) | 355 | 23(A) | 0 | 0.00# |
| 5 (highest 20%) | 88 | 61.5(B,C,D) | 288 | 22.2 | 455 | 29.5(B) | 4 | 20.0 |
| Total | 143 | 100.0 | 1,298 | 100.0 | 1,543 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 |
| Chi-square stats = 684.16***; df = 12 | ||||||||
| Global North | 88 | 61.5(B,C) | 467 | 36(C) | 480 | 31.1 | 0 | 0.00# |
| Global South | 55 | 38.5 | 831 | 64(A) | 1,063 | 68.9(A,B) | 20 | 100.0# |
| Total | 143 | 100.0 | 1,298 | 100.0 | 1,543 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 |
| Chi-square stats = 65.95***; df = 3 | ||||||||
Note(s): This table summarises the results for the Pearson Chi-square test statistic for the presence of a significant association between the variables (***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05). In addition, when a column pair is found to show a significant difference in proportion (at the 5% level), the column label, defined by the Environmental Pillar grade, that corresponds with the smaller proportion is recorded in the column that corresponds with the larger proportion. Tests are adjusted for all pairwise comparisons within a row of each innermost subtable using the Bonferroni correction. #This category is not used in comparisons because its column proportion is equal to zero or one
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