Table 4 Mitigation strategies to...

Table 4

Mitigation strategies to overcome barriers to RL in the CI

	Barrier	Category	Mitigation strategy	References
1	Lack of legislation and government support	Governmental	- Enforce environmental legislation, regulations and directives	Brandão et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016a), Correia et al. (2021), Kadaei et al. (2023), Schamne and Nagalli (2016)
			- Provide tax reductions for companies using recycled materials	Brandão et al. (2022), Pimentel et al. (2022)
			- Use PPPs to promote the RL	Brandao et al. (2023)
			- Impose landfill disposal fees and penalties	Brandão et al. (2022)
			- Develop standards and codes for reprocessed products	Wijewickrama et al. (2022b)
2	Scarcity and poor management of RL infrastructure	Infrastructure	- Develop infrastructure and facilities for RL	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021), Kadaei et al. (2023), Su et al. (2021)
2	Scarcity and poor management of RL infrastructure	Infrastructure	- Implement cooperative waste transportation systems	Chen and Liao (2022), Hammes et al. (2020), Schamne and Nagalli (2016), Yiping and Jongjin (2013)
3	Industry preference for demolition over deconstruction	Operational	- Provide financial incentives for deconstruction	Ambekar et al. (2022), Brandão et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016b)
			- Require a deconstruction plan before issuing permits	Pimentel et al. (2022)
			- Consider RL at the planning stages of construction projects	Chileshe et al. (2016a)
4	Negative public perception of reprocessed material quality	Social	- Ensure quality control compliance for salvaged products	Chileshe et al. (2016b), Wijewickrama et al. (2022a, b, 2023)
4	Negative public perception of reprocessed material quality	Social	- Create measurable performance indices for RL activities	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021)
5	Limited availability of technology and physical resources	Infrastructure	- Implement strong IT systems to support RL	Ambekar et al. (2022), Huang et al. (2022)
5	Limited availability of technology and physical resources	Infrastructure	- Increase management commitment to RL investments	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021)
6	Difficulty managing hazardous or contaminated materials	Operational	- Define clear policies and processes for handling such materials	Ambekar et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016b), Kadaei et al. (2023), Schamne and Nagalli (2016)
6	Difficulty managing hazardous or contaminated materials	Operational	- Reducing the amount of contaminated waste generation as part of strategic objectives	Chileshe et al. (2016b), Rabnawaz Ahmed and Zhang (2021)
7	Lack of knowledge on RL practices	Managerial	- Conduct workshops and awareness programs	Correia et al. (2021), Pimentel et al. (2022)
8	Poor integration among supply chain members	Managerial	- Promote strategic collaboration with RL partners	Ali et al. (2023), Hammes et al. (2020), Kadaei et al. (2023)
8	Poor integration among supply chain members	Managerial	- Encourage changes in organisational attitudes	Chileshe et al. (2016a, 2016b)
9	Workflow uncertainty from demolition contractors	Managerial	- Implement cross-functional collaboration within organisations	Hammes et al. (2020), Kadaei et al. (2023), Wijewickrama et al. (2021)

	Barrier	Category	Mitigation strategy	References
1	Lack of legislation and government support	Governmental	- Enforce environmental legislation, regulations and directives	Brandão et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016a), Correia et al. (2021), Kadaei et al. (2023), Schamne and Nagalli (2016)
			- Provide tax reductions for companies using recycled materials	Brandão et al. (2022), Pimentel et al. (2022)
			- Use PPPs to promote the RL	Brandao et al. (2023)
			- Impose landfill disposal fees and penalties	Brandão et al. (2022)
			- Develop standards and codes for reprocessed products	Wijewickrama et al. (2022b)
2	Scarcity and poor management of RL infrastructure	Infrastructure	- Develop infrastructure and facilities for RL	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021), Kadaei et al. (2023), Su et al. (2021)
2	Scarcity and poor management of RL infrastructure	Infrastructure	- Implement cooperative waste transportation systems	Chen and Liao (2022), Hammes et al. (2020), Schamne and Nagalli (2016), Yiping and Jongjin (2013)
3	Industry preference for demolition over deconstruction	Operational	- Provide financial incentives for deconstruction	Ambekar et al. (2022), Brandão et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016b)
			- Require a deconstruction plan before issuing permits	Pimentel et al. (2022)
			- Consider RL at the planning stages of construction projects	Chileshe et al. (2016a)
4	Negative public perception of reprocessed material quality	Social	- Ensure quality control compliance for salvaged products	Chileshe et al. (2016b), Wijewickrama et al. (2022a, b, 2023)
4	Negative public perception of reprocessed material quality	Social	- Create measurable performance indices for RL activities	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021)
5	Limited availability of technology and physical resources	Infrastructure	- Implement strong IT systems to support RL	Ambekar et al. (2022), Huang et al. (2022)
5	Limited availability of technology and physical resources	Infrastructure	- Increase management commitment to RL investments	Ambekar et al. (2022), Correia et al. (2021)
6	Difficulty managing hazardous or contaminated materials	Operational	- Define clear policies and processes for handling such materials	Ambekar et al. (2022), Chileshe et al. (2016b), Kadaei et al. (2023), Schamne and Nagalli (2016)
6	Difficulty managing hazardous or contaminated materials	Operational	- Reducing the amount of contaminated waste generation as part of strategic objectives	Chileshe et al. (2016b), Rabnawaz Ahmed and Zhang (2021)
7	Lack of knowledge on RL practices	Managerial	- Conduct workshops and awareness programs	Correia et al. (2021), Pimentel et al. (2022)
8	Poor integration among supply chain members	Managerial	- Promote strategic collaboration with RL partners	Ali et al. (2023), Hammes et al. (2020), Kadaei et al. (2023)
8	Poor integration among supply chain members	Managerial	- Encourage changes in organisational attitudes	Chileshe et al. (2016a, 2016b)
9	Workflow uncertainty from demolition contractors	Managerial	- Implement cross-functional collaboration within organisations	Hammes et al. (2020), Kadaei et al. (2023), Wijewickrama et al. (2021)

Source(s): Authors' own work

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