Table 2 Causes of fear in selected... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Causes of fear in selected components of TQM

TQM component	Cause of fear
Commitment	Excessive commitment in individual cases and uncontrolled pressure to show commitment
Commitment	Fear also triggers anticipative commitment, that is commitment with no proper preparation, for example without previous employee training
Leadership	Pressure to achieve high quality
	New roles of superiors (poor preparation for new roles or a low level of competence trust)
	Authoritarian leadership
	Higher competencies of other employees
Empowerment	Differences in the understanding of empowerment between superiors and employees. Superiors do not want to lose their powers and demand increased efforts and responsibility. Employees want to have autonomy, freedom but they also fear losing support (Hill and Huq, 2004)
	A lack of mental empowerment (changes without adequate preparation)
	Uncertainty concerning the distribution of power and a low level of competence trust

TQM component	Cause of fear
Commitment	Excessive commitment in individual cases and uncontrolled pressure to show commitment
Commitment	Fear also triggers anticipative commitment, that is commitment with no proper preparation, for example without previous employee training
Leadership	Pressure to achieve high quality
	New roles of superiors (poor preparation for new roles or a low level of competence trust)
	Authoritarian leadership
	Higher competencies of other employees
Empowerment	Differences in the understanding of empowerment between superiors and employees. Superiors do not want to lose their powers and demand increased efforts and responsibility. Employees want to have autonomy, freedom but they also fear losing support (Hill and Huq, 2004)
	A lack of mental empowerment (changes without adequate preparation)
	Uncertainty concerning the distribution of power and a low level of competence trust

Source(s): The author's own research