Table A1 The evolution of BOP literature... | Emerald Publishing

Table A1

The evolution of BOP literature regarding the role of context

Characteristics	BOP 1.0	BOP 2.0	BOP 3.0	BOP 4.0
Influential authors	Prahalad and Hammond (2002), Prahalad (2005)	Arora and Romijn (2012), Simanis and Hart (2008)	Cañeque and Hart (2015), London (2016), Chmielewski et al. (2018)	Gupta and Khilji (2013), Borchardt et al. (2020)
Underlying logic	Untapped opportunity in latent consumer markets	Codesigning products and services to provide the poor with the opportunity to cocreate value	Inclusive and impactful BOP ventures in social enterprise	Ethical, authentic and sustainable production, sourcing, marketing, development and benefit-sharing
Key thought	Sell to the poor by creating new capacity to consume	Empowering local communities and development of local entrepreneurship	Learning from local enterprises in BOP context of multidimensional poverty	Recognizing and connecting unique, traditional knowledge systems with global value chains
Main BOP context characteristics	Low purchasing power, lack of market infrastructure	Social and environmental problems	Social, political, emotional and cultural aspects	Unique operant resource and knowledge networks, local communities
Risks	Achieving cost and scale, ethical considerations	Sharing control, sufficient sensitivity to complexity of local context	Costs of social entrepreneurship, ideological challenges	Vulnerability of local knowledge networks to global markets

Characteristics	BOP 1.0	BOP 2.0	BOP 3.0	BOP 4.0
Influential authors	Prahalad and Hammond (2002), Prahalad (2005)	Arora and Romijn (2012), Simanis and Hart (2008)	Cañeque and Hart (2015), London (2016), Chmielewski et al. (2018)	Gupta and Khilji (2013), Borchardt et al. (2020)
Underlying logic	Untapped opportunity in latent consumer markets	Codesigning products and services to provide the poor with the opportunity to cocreate value	Inclusive and impactful BOP ventures in social enterprise	Ethical, authentic and sustainable production, sourcing, marketing, development and benefit-sharing
Key thought	Sell to the poor by creating new capacity to consume	Empowering local communities and development of local entrepreneurship	Learning from local enterprises in BOP context of multidimensional poverty	Recognizing and connecting unique, traditional knowledge systems with global value chains
Main BOP context characteristics	Low purchasing power, lack of market infrastructure	Social and environmental problems	Social, political, emotional and cultural aspects	Unique operant resource and knowledge networks, local communities
Risks	Achieving cost and scale, ethical considerations	Sharing control, sufficient sensitivity to complexity of local context	Costs of social entrepreneurship, ideological challenges	Vulnerability of local knowledge networks to global markets

Source(s): Authors’ own work