Measurements of variables
| Construct | Items | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Optimism (OPT) | OPT1. Generative AI gives you more control over daily study | Chung et al. (2015) and Pradhan et al. (2018) |
| OPT2. Generative AI makes me more efficient in studying | ||
| OPT3. Generative AI is very convenient to use | ||
| OPT4. I prefer to use the most advanced available generative AI | ||
| Innovativeness (INNO) | INNO1. In general, I am among the first in my circle of friends to acquire new generative AI for educational purpose when it appears in the market | Chung et al. (2015) and Pradhan et al. (2018) |
| INNO2. I can usually figure out new generative AI for educational purpose without help from others | ||
| INNO3. I keep up with the latest generative AI for educational purpose in my areas of interest | ||
| INNO4. I find I have fewer problems than other people in using generative AI for educational purpose | ||
| Insecurity (INSEC) | INSEC1. I do not consider it safe using generative AI for educational purpose as people can easily know about my whereabouts | Walczuch et al. (2007) and Pradhan et al. (2018) |
| INSEC2. I do not consider it safe giving out sensitive information over a generative AI | ||
| ICSEC3. I do not consider it safe to do any kind of financial business through generative AI | ||
| INSEC4. I prefer to talk to a person rather than through a generative AI | ||
| INSEC5. If I provide information through a generative AI, I can never be sure if it reaches to right place | ||
| Discomfort (DIS) | DIS1. Sometimes, I think that generative AI is not designed for use by ordinary people | Walczuch et al. (2007) and Pradhan et al. (2018) |
| DIS2. There is no such thing as a manual for generative AI that is written in simple plain language | ||
| DIS3. I prefer to have the basic model of generative AI than with plenty of extra features | ||
| DIS4. Sometimes generative AI is inconvenient | ||
| Performance expectancy (PE) | PE1. I find generative AI useful in my study | Duong et al. (2023) |
| PE2. Using generative AI helps me to accomplish my tasks more quickly | ||
| PE3. Using generative AI increases my productivity in my study | ||
| PE4. Using generative AI can save my time | ||
| Confirmation of expectation (CON) | CON1. My experience with using generative AI was better than what I expected | Bhattacherjee (2001) |
| CON2. The service level provided by generative AI was better than what I expected | ||
| CON3. Overall, most of my expectations from using generative AI were confirmed | ||
| Satisfaction (SAT) | SAT1. My choice to use generative AI for study was a wise one | Gök et al. (2019) and Cronin et al. (2000) |
| SAT2. I think that I did the right thing when I used generative AI for study | ||
| SAT3. Overall, I am satisfied with the decision to use generative AI for study | ||
| Habit (HAB) | HAB1. Using generative AI for study is something I do frequently | Chiu et al. (2012) |
| HAB2. Using generative AI for study is something I do automatically | ||
| HAB3. Using generative AI for study is something I do without having to consciously remember | ||
| Continuance intention (CI) | CI1. I intend to continue using generative AI on my study | Chen et al. (2013) |
| CI2. I will use the generative AI regularly in the future | ||
| CI3. If I could, I would like to continue using generative AI as much as possible |
| Construct | Items | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Optimism (OPT) | OPT1. Generative AI gives you more control over daily study | |
| OPT2. Generative AI makes me more efficient in studying | ||
| OPT3. Generative AI is very convenient to use | ||
| OPT4. I prefer to use the most advanced available generative AI | ||
| Innovativeness (INNO) | INNO1. In general, I am among the first in my circle of friends to acquire new generative AI for educational purpose when it appears in the market | |
| INNO2. I can usually figure out new generative AI for educational purpose without help from others | ||
| INNO3. I keep up with the latest generative AI for educational purpose in my areas of interest | ||
| INNO4. I find I have fewer problems than other people in using generative AI for educational purpose | ||
| Insecurity (INSEC) | INSEC1. I do not consider it safe using generative AI for educational purpose as people can easily know about my whereabouts | |
| INSEC2. I do not consider it safe giving out sensitive information over a generative AI | ||
| ICSEC3. I do not consider it safe to do any kind of financial business through generative AI | ||
| INSEC4. I prefer to talk to a person rather than through a generative AI | ||
| INSEC5. If I provide information through a generative AI, I can never be sure if it reaches to right place | ||
| Discomfort (DIS) | DIS1. Sometimes, I think that generative AI is not designed for use by ordinary people | |
| DIS2. There is no such thing as a manual for generative AI that is written in simple plain language | ||
| DIS3. I prefer to have the basic model of generative AI than with plenty of extra features | ||
| DIS4. Sometimes generative AI is inconvenient | ||
| Performance expectancy (PE) | PE1. I find generative AI useful in my study | |
| PE2. Using generative AI helps me to accomplish my tasks more quickly | ||
| PE3. Using generative AI increases my productivity in my study | ||
| PE4. Using generative AI can save my time | ||
| Confirmation of expectation (CON) | CON1. My experience with using generative AI was better than what I expected | |
| CON2. The service level provided by generative AI was better than what I expected | ||
| CON3. Overall, most of my expectations from using generative AI were confirmed | ||
| Satisfaction (SAT) | SAT1. My choice to use generative AI for study was a wise one | |
| SAT2. I think that I did the right thing when I used generative AI for study | ||
| SAT3. Overall, I am satisfied with the decision to use generative AI for study | ||
| Habit (HAB) | HAB1. Using generative AI for study is something I do frequently | |
| HAB2. Using generative AI for study is something I do automatically | ||
| HAB3. Using generative AI for study is something I do without having to consciously remember | ||
| Continuance intention (CI) | CI1. I intend to continue using generative AI on my study | |
| CI2. I will use the generative AI regularly in the future | ||
| CI3. If I could, I would like to continue using generative AI as much as possible |
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