Table 4

Time fixed effects regression analysis of marketing levers on PBAs market share in Italian provinces by product category

MeatFrozen meatCured meatWürstelMilk
Price−0.081** (0.024)−0.080* (0.030)−0.000 (0.001)−0.000 (0.001)0.074 (0.034)
Assortment0.281*** (0.013)1.159*** (0.048)0.167*** (0.021)0.270*** (0.024)0.248** (0.049)
Promotion0.014 (0.009)0.010 (0.006)0.001** (0.000)−0.000 (0.000)0.587*** (0.069)
Middle0.154*** (0.023)0.245*** (0.023)0.004* (0.001)−0.001 (0.002)0.315*** (0.038)
Rural0.166*** (0.020)0.081 (0.042)0.004** (0.001)−0.004 (0.002)0.144*** (0.022)
Price:Middle−0.044** (0.011)−0.069*** (0.011)−0.002 (0.001)0.000 (0.001)−0.054** (0.013)
Price:Rural−0.028** (0.005)0.053 (0.031)−0.002** (0.000)0.001 (0.001)−0.150*** (0.024)
Assort: Middle−0.094** (0.017)−0.352*** (0.058)−0.059** (0.012)−0.015 (0.008)−0.139** (0.036)
Assort: Rural−0.195*** (0.020)−0.440*** (0.037)−0.052* (0.019)−0.010 (0.015)−0.311*** (0.033)
Promo: Middle−0.027** (0.006)−0.003 (0.007)−0.001* (0.000)0.003 (0.006)−0.082** (0.017)
Promo: Rural−0.039*** (0.006)−0.011* (0.004)−0.000 (0.000)0.000 (0.000)−0.135*** (0.018)
Panel obs4,4724,4724,4724,4724,472
Time fixed effectsY
Adj. R20.670.600.580.650.31

Note(s): Standard errors: clustered by year. Significance levels: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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