Items and constructs used in the analysis
| Construct | Code | Item | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Involvement in sustainable eating | SUST1 | Sustainable eating is very important to me | Van Loo et al. (2017) |
| SUST2 | I care a lot about sustainable eating | ||
| SUST3 | Sustainable eating means a lot to me | ||
| SUST4 | I am very concerned about the consequences of what I eat in terms of sustainability | ||
| Involvement in animal welfare | AW1 | It is important that the food I eat on a typical day has been produced in a way that animals have not experienced pain | Krystallis et al. (2009) |
| AW2 | It is important that the food I eat on a typical day has been produced in a way that animals’ rights have been respected | ||
| AW3 | In general, humans have too little respect for the quality of life of animals | ||
| AW4 | Increased regulation of the treatment of animals in farming is needed | ||
| AW5 | Animal agriculture raises serious ethical questions about the treatment of animals | ||
| Involvement in healthy eating | H1 | Healthy eating is very important to me | Van Loo et al. (2017) |
| H2 | I care a lot about healthy eating | ||
| H3 | Healthy eating means a lot to me | ||
| H4 | I am very concerned about the health-related consequences of what I eat | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on sustainability | SUST_AW1 | Meat consumption causes the exhaustion of natural resources | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| SUST_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to local ecological damage | ||
| SUST_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on global warming | ||
| SUST_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause some negative environmental consequences | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on animal welfare | AW_AW1 | Meat consumption affects the welfare of animals | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| AW_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to animal suffering | ||
| AW_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on animal welfare | ||
| AW_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause negative consequences for animals | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on health | H_AW1 | Meat consumption affects my health | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| H_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to various health issues | ||
| H_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on my overall health | ||
| H_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause some negative health consequences | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for the sustainability impacts | SUST_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for the exhaustion of natural resources due to meat consumption | deGroot and Steg (2009) |
| SUST_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the contribution of meat consumption to global warming | ||
| SUST_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the contribution of meat consumption to local ecological damage | ||
| SUST_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative environmental consequences of meat consumption | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for animal welfare impacts | AW_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for the impact of meat consumption on animal welfare | deGroot and Steg (2009) |
| AW_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the suffering caused by meat consumption | ||
| AW_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative effects of meat consumption on animals | ||
| AW_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for the welfare of animals affected by meat consumption | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for health impacts | H_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for health impacts of my meat consumption | deGroot and Steg (2009) |
| H_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the health issues caused by meat consumption | ||
| H_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative health effects of meat consumption | ||
| H_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for maintaining my health through mindful meat consumption | ||
| Personal Norms | PN1 | It would be against my moral principles not to consider the overall impacts of meat consumption | Godin et al. (2005) |
| PN2 | Not considering the consequences of meat consumption would go against my principles | ||
| PN3 | I have a moral obligation to take into account the broader consequences when consuming meat | ||
| PN4 | I would feel guilty about not considering the impacts of meat consumption | ||
| PN5 | I feel obliged to make meat consumption choices that reflect a concern for its overall impacts | ||
| Food technology neophobia | FTN1 | There is no sense trying out high-tech food products because the ones I eat are already good enough | Verneau et al. (2014), Cox and Evans (2008) |
| FTN2 | New food technologies are something I am uncertain about | ||
| FTN3 | New foods are not healthier than traditional foods | ||
| FTN4 | The benefits of new food technologies are often grossly overstated | ||
| FTN5 | There are plenty of tasty foods around, so we do not need to use new food technologies to produce more | ||
| FTN6 | New food technologies decrease the natural quality of food | ||
| FTN7 | It can be risky to switch to new food technologies too quickly | ||
| FTN8 | Society should not depend heavily on technologies to solve its food problems | ||
| Food neophobia | NEO1 | I am constantly sampling new and different foods | Pliner and Hobden (1992) |
| NEO2 | I like foods from different countries | ||
| NEO3 | At dinner, I will try a new food | ||
| NEO4 | I like to try new ethnic restaurants | ||
| Intention to engage new food – insects | INT_INS1 | If I had the opportunity, I plan to include insect-based proteins in my diet | Ajzen and Sheikh (2013), Dunn et al. (2011) |
| INT_INS2 | If given the chance, I intend to add insect-based proteins to my meals | ||
| INT_INS3 | If the option were available, I would make an effort to incorporate insect-based proteins into my diet | ||
| INT_INS4 | It is likely that I would choose to consume insect-based protein foods regularly if they were accessible | ||
| Intention to engage new food – cultured meat | INT_MEAT1 | If I had the opportunity, I plan to include cultured meat in my diet | Ajzen and Sheikh (2013), Dunn et al. (2011) |
| INT_MEAT2 | If given the chance, I intend to add cultured meat to my meals | ||
| INT_MEAT3 | If the option were available, I would make an effort to incorporate cultured meat into my diet | ||
| INT_MEAT4 | It is likely that I would choose to consume cultured meat regularly if it were accessible | ||
| Intention to engage new food – seitan | INT_SEITAN1 | I plan to include or increase seitan in my diet | Ajzen and Sheikh (2013), Dunn et al. (2011) |
| INT_SEITAN2 | I intend to add or increase seitan to my meals | ||
| INT_SEITAN3 | I will make an effort to incorporate or increase seitan into my diet | ||
| INT_SEITAN4 | It is likely that I will consume seitan regularly |
| Construct | Code | Item | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Involvement in sustainable eating | SUST1 | Sustainable eating is very important to me | |
| SUST2 | I care a lot about sustainable eating | ||
| SUST3 | Sustainable eating means a lot to me | ||
| SUST4 | I am very concerned about the consequences of what I eat in terms of sustainability | ||
| Involvement in animal welfare | AW1 | It is important that the food I eat on a typical day has been produced in a way that animals have not experienced pain | |
| AW2 | It is important that the food I eat on a typical day has been produced in a way that animals’ rights have been respected | ||
| AW3 | In general, humans have too little respect for the quality of life of animals | ||
| AW4 | Increased regulation of the treatment of animals in farming is needed | ||
| AW5 | Animal agriculture raises serious ethical questions about the treatment of animals | ||
| Involvement in healthy eating | H1 | Healthy eating is very important to me | |
| H2 | I care a lot about healthy eating | ||
| H3 | Healthy eating means a lot to me | ||
| H4 | I am very concerned about the health-related consequences of what I eat | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on sustainability | SUST_AW1 | Meat consumption causes the exhaustion of natural resources | |
| SUST_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to local ecological damage | ||
| SUST_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on global warming | ||
| SUST_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause some negative environmental consequences | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on animal welfare | AW_AW1 | Meat consumption affects the welfare of animals | |
| AW_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to animal suffering | ||
| AW_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on animal welfare | ||
| AW_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause negative consequences for animals | ||
| Awareness of meat consumption’s impact on health | H_AW1 | Meat consumption affects my health | |
| H_AW2 | Meat consumption contributes to various health issues | ||
| H_AW3 | I am aware of the influence meat consumption has on my overall health | ||
| H_AW4 | Overall, meat consumption can cause some negative health consequences | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for the sustainability impacts | SUST_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for the exhaustion of natural resources due to meat consumption | |
| SUST_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the contribution of meat consumption to global warming | ||
| SUST_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the contribution of meat consumption to local ecological damage | ||
| SUST_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative environmental consequences of meat consumption | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for animal welfare impacts | AW_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for the impact of meat consumption on animal welfare | |
| AW_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the suffering caused by meat consumption | ||
| AW_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative effects of meat consumption on animals | ||
| AW_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for the welfare of animals affected by meat consumption | ||
| Ascription of responsibility for health impacts | H_RESP1 | I feel jointly responsible for health impacts of my meat consumption | |
| H_RESP2 | I feel joint responsibility for the health issues caused by meat consumption | ||
| H_RESP3 | I feel joint responsibility for the negative health effects of meat consumption | ||
| H_RESP4 | I feel joint responsibility for maintaining my health through mindful meat consumption | ||
| Personal Norms | PN1 | It would be against my moral principles not to consider the overall impacts of meat consumption | |
| PN2 | Not considering the consequences of meat consumption would go against my principles | ||
| PN3 | I have a moral obligation to take into account the broader consequences when consuming meat | ||
| PN4 | I would feel guilty about not considering the impacts of meat consumption | ||
| PN5 | I feel obliged to make meat consumption choices that reflect a concern for its overall impacts | ||
| Food technology neophobia | FTN1 | There is no sense trying out high-tech food products because the ones I eat are already good enough | |
| FTN2 | New food technologies are something I am uncertain about | ||
| FTN3 | New foods are not healthier than traditional foods | ||
| FTN4 | The benefits of new food technologies are often grossly overstated | ||
| FTN5 | There are plenty of tasty foods around, so we do not need to use new food technologies to produce more | ||
| FTN6 | New food technologies decrease the natural quality of food | ||
| FTN7 | It can be risky to switch to new food technologies too quickly | ||
| FTN8 | Society should not depend heavily on technologies to solve its food problems | ||
| Food neophobia | NEO1 | I am constantly sampling new and different foods | |
| NEO2 | I like foods from different countries | ||
| NEO3 | At dinner, I will try a new food | ||
| NEO4 | I like to try new ethnic restaurants | ||
| Intention to engage new food – insects | INT_INS1 | If I had the opportunity, I plan to include insect-based proteins in my diet | |
| INT_INS2 | If given the chance, I intend to add insect-based proteins to my meals | ||
| INT_INS3 | If the option were available, I would make an effort to incorporate insect-based proteins into my diet | ||
| INT_INS4 | It is likely that I would choose to consume insect-based protein foods regularly if they were accessible | ||
| Intention to engage new food – cultured meat | INT_MEAT1 | If I had the opportunity, I plan to include cultured meat in my diet | |
| INT_MEAT2 | If given the chance, I intend to add cultured meat to my meals | ||
| INT_MEAT3 | If the option were available, I would make an effort to incorporate cultured meat into my diet | ||
| INT_MEAT4 | It is likely that I would choose to consume cultured meat regularly if it were accessible | ||
| Intention to engage new food – seitan | INT_SEITAN1 | I plan to include or increase seitan in my diet | |
| INT_SEITAN2 | I intend to add or increase seitan to my meals | ||
| INT_SEITAN3 | I will make an effort to incorporate or increase seitan into my diet | ||
| INT_SEITAN4 | It is likely that I will consume seitan regularly |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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