Table 4 Social globalization, inclusive...

Table 4

Social globalization, inclusive secondary school education (SSE) and structural transformation

	Dependent variable: manufacturing value added (MVA)
	Interpersonal globalization (kofipgi)	Informational globalization (kofingi)	Cultural globalization (kofcugi)
MVA (−1)	0.875***	0.933***	0.878***
MVA (−1)	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.027)
SSE	3.461**	0.757	1.762
SSE	(1.402)	(1.221)	(1.331)
Interpers global	0.253***
Interpers global	(0.050)
Interpers global × SSE	−0.197***
Interpers global × SSE	(0.043)
Inform global		−0.027
Inform global		(0.049)
Inform global × SSE		0.020
Inform global × SSE		(0.022)
Cultural global			0.156*
Cultural global			(0.090)
Cultural global × SSE			−0.140
Cultural global × SSE			(0.085)
Population growth	−0.198	−0.057	0.044
Population growth	(0.222)	(0.305)	(0.210)
Log (GDP per capita)	−1.033***	0.378	0.149
Log (GDP per capita)	(0.349)	(0.375)	(0.290)
Time effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	3.073	−2.581	−2.164
Constant	(2.507)	(2.370)	(1.950)
Net effects	0.081	na	na
Thresholds	1.284	na	na
AR (1)	(0.012)	(0.010)	(0.008)
AR (2)	(0.615)	(0.739)	(0.676)
Sargan OIR	(0.586)	(0.759)	(0.105)
Hansen OIR	(0.830)	(0.881)	(0.158)
DHT for instruments
(1) Instruments in levels
H excluding group	(0.630)	(0.205)	(0.038)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)	(0.782)	(0.996)	(0.549)
(2) IV(years, eq(diff))
H excluding group	(0.253)	(0.193)	(0.098)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)	(0.858)	(0.923)	(0.222)
Fisher	6260.13***	45850.42***	10672.50***
Instruments	38	38	38
Countries	40	39	40
Observations	367	352	367

	Dependent variable: manufacturing value added (MVA)
	Interpersonal globalization (kofipgi)	Informational globalization (kofingi)	Cultural globalization (kofcugi)
MVA (−1)	0.875***	0.933***	0.878***
MVA (−1)	(0.033)	(0.032)	(0.027)
SSE	3.461**	0.757	1.762
SSE	(1.402)	(1.221)	(1.331)
Interpers global	0.253***
Interpers global	(0.050)
Interpers global × SSE	−0.197***
Interpers global × SSE	(0.043)
Inform global		−0.027
Inform global		(0.049)
Inform global × SSE		0.020
Inform global × SSE		(0.022)
Cultural global			0.156*
Cultural global			(0.090)
Cultural global × SSE			−0.140
Cultural global × SSE			(0.085)
Population growth	−0.198	−0.057	0.044
Population growth	(0.222)	(0.305)	(0.210)
Log (GDP per capita)	−1.033***	0.378	0.149
Log (GDP per capita)	(0.349)	(0.375)	(0.290)
Time effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	3.073	−2.581	−2.164
Constant	(2.507)	(2.370)	(1.950)
Net effects	0.081	na	na
Thresholds	1.284	na	na
AR (1)	(0.012)	(0.010)	(0.008)
AR (2)	(0.615)	(0.739)	(0.676)
Sargan OIR	(0.586)	(0.759)	(0.105)
Hansen OIR	(0.830)	(0.881)	(0.158)
DHT for instruments
(1) Instruments in levels
H excluding group	(0.630)	(0.205)	(0.038)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)	(0.782)	(0.996)	(0.549)
(2) IV(years, eq(diff))
H excluding group	(0.253)	(0.193)	(0.098)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)	(0.858)	(0.923)	(0.222)
Fisher	6260.13***	45850.42***	10672.50***
Instruments	38	38	38
Countries	40	39	40
Observations	367	352	367

Note(s): “***, ** and *, respectively, denote the 1%, 5 and 10% levels of significance. DHT shows the Difference in Hansen Test used to assess the exogeneity of instruments subsets. OIR: Over-identifying Restrictions Test. Dif: Difference. Italic values have two principal significances: on the one hand, the significance of the Fisher statistics and estimated coefficients; on the other hand, the non-rejection of the null hypotheses of (1) autocorrelation absence in the AR(1) & AR(2) tests and (2) the instruments that are valid based on the Sargan and Hansen OIR tests. na: not applicable given that at least one estimated coefficient that is indispensable for the computation of net effects does not reflect significance. The mean of secondary school enrollment is 0.872. The range of secondary school enrollment is 0.332–1.215. For the estimated coefficients, values in parentheses reflect standard errors, while for the information criteria (i.e. AR, Sargan, Hansen, DHT and IV tests), p-values are disclosed

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable