Table 5. Ethics framework for... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5.

Ethics framework for co-creation projects in the public sector

Co-creation challenges identified	IAP2 Ethics Framework	Instruments and actions for research ethics	Dimensions of an ethics framework for co-creation
(1) Ensuring inclusiveness and considering stakeholder participation and input	Role of practitioner	Informed consent document Ensure policy maker’s support	Practitioners in charge of co-creation processes must ensure that stakeholders' contribution will take into consideration;
	Purpose	Informed consent document	Clearly define the goals of co-creation;
	Access to the process	Promoting stakeholder engagement, including one-to-one interactions with stakeholders	All stakeholders must have equal access to co-creation spaces;
	Role of the public	Informed consent document Promoting stakeholder engagement	Roles of the stakeholders in the decision-making process must be clearly defined;
	Support of the practice	Sharing good practices	To enable and promote co-creation when is possible;
(2) Building trust in co-creation processes	Trust	Promoting stakeholder engagement	Stakeholders must have trust in the process and other actors involved in the co-creation process;
(3) Ensuring user privacy and data security	Respect for communities	Informed consent document Data management plan Identification of stakeholders Attention to diversity of participants	Co-creation activities need to include many types of stakeholders with different backgrounds, skills and expertise to foster a continuous and pluralistic exchange during the co-creation activities;
(4) Specific target audience’ needs	Openness	Data management plan Anonymisation measures Preventing biased information	All information relevant to the co-creation processes must be available, allowing participants to understand the process and make informed decisions;
(5) Preventing biased use of user inputs and biased responses	Commitments	Informed consent document Preventing biased information	It is ensured that all commitments are made in good faith;
	Advocacy	Informed consent document continuous identification of stakeholders Promoting stakeholder engagement Preventing biased information	Co-creation process will respect stakeholders and processes without favouring any group or interest;

Co-creation challenges identified	IAP2 Ethics Framework	Instruments and actions for research ethics	Dimensions of an ethics framework for co-creation
(1) Ensuring inclusiveness and considering stakeholder participation and input	Role of practitioner	Informed consent document Ensure policy maker’s support	Practitioners in charge of co-creation processes must ensure that stakeholders' contribution will take into consideration;
	Purpose	Informed consent document	Clearly define the goals of co-creation;
	Access to the process	Promoting stakeholder engagement, including one-to-one interactions with stakeholders	All stakeholders must have equal access to co-creation spaces;
	Role of the public	Informed consent document Promoting stakeholder engagement	Roles of the stakeholders in the decision-making process must be clearly defined;
	Support of the practice	Sharing good practices	To enable and promote co-creation when is possible;
(2) Building trust in co-creation processes	Trust	Promoting stakeholder engagement	Stakeholders must have trust in the process and other actors involved in the co-creation process;
(3) Ensuring user privacy and data security	Respect for communities	Informed consent document Data management plan Identification of stakeholders Attention to diversity of participants	Co-creation activities need to include many types of stakeholders with different backgrounds, skills and expertise to foster a continuous and pluralistic exchange during the co-creation activities;
(4) Specific target audience’ needs	Openness	Data management plan Anonymisation measures Preventing biased information	All information relevant to the co-creation processes must be available, allowing participants to understand the process and make informed decisions;
(5) Preventing biased use of user inputs and biased responses	Commitments	Informed consent document Preventing biased information	It is ensured that all commitments are made in good faith;
	Advocacy	Informed consent document continuous identification of stakeholders Promoting stakeholder engagement Preventing biased information	Co-creation process will respect stakeholders and processes without favouring any group or interest;