Table A1.

Demographic description

ItemFrequency%
Gender
Male13330.16
Female30869.84
Age
Under 2510523.81
25–3017539.68
31–4012628.57
41–50143.17
Over 50214.76
Education
Secondary school or below429.52
Bachelor’s degree25257.14
Master’s degree13330.16
PhD level143.17
Monthly income (RMB)
Less than 2,0009120.63
2,001–5,00016136.51
5,001–8,0009120.63
8,001–10,000357.94
More than 10,0006314.29
Live streaming shopping (times/month)
Less than 430869.84
4–910523.81
More than 9286.35
Live streaming platform (frequently used)
E-commerce platform (Taobao, Tianmao, JD, Pinduoduo, Xiaohongshu, Weipinhui, etc.)34377.78
Social media platform (Douyin, Kuaishou, Huya, Huajiao, Douyu, etc.)9822.22

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