Table 1

Balance across experimental groups

CovariateGroup 1 (n = 985)Group 2 (n = 1,100)Group 3 (n = 1,073)Group 4 (n = 1,038)Total sample (n = 4,196)
Age47.0 (10.5)47.6 (10.7)46.9 (10.5)47.7 (10.5)47.3 (10.6)
Tenure6.7 (6.2)7.2 (6.7)6.8 (6.5)7.2 (6.6)7.0 (6.5)
English proficiency*3.55 (0.97)3.45 (0.99)3.52 (0.96)3.46 (0.99)3.49 (0.98)
Management position0.57 (0.50)0.55 (0.50)0.55 (0.50)0.56 (0.50)0.56 (0.50)
Agile experience3.79 (0.99)3.79 (1.04)3.85 (0.95)3.84 (0.98)3.82 (0.99)
No agile experience***0.30 (0.46)0.29 (0.45)0.24 (0.43)0.22 (0.41)0.26 (0.44)
Size of municipality294,607 (457,066)277,519 (449,353)274,392 (458,601)272,541 (407,832)279,500 (443,660)

Note(s): Mean values are reported with standard deviations in parentheses. The variables “management position” and “no agile experience” are dummy variables, where 1 = yes

*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors' own work

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