Table 2

Research constructs/codes

CategoryConstruct/Codes
Personal touchInterpersonal relationship
  • It is the most crucial aspect to maintain, where simply sharing a good bond leads to the transaction of information and communication

  • This aspect makes the process of choosing a mentor easier

  • “A good rapport makes all the difference- I won't share unless the bond feels natural.”

Overall experience
  • The experience of a mentee or mentor always affects the choice of a mentor

  • “I have seen women who have mentored others positively, and that shaped my preference.”

Emotion
  • When one's emotion at work is comprehended, the bonding becomes more muscular

  • Empathy is high, mainly in women

  • “She understood how I felt even without me saying much. That kind of empathy matters.”

Connection
  • We cannot find much relevant information about the dimension

Desired qualitiesVersatile
  • Versatile individuals tend to perform better under time constraints

  • “She could juggle operations, training, and still be there for the team. That's inspiring.”

Challenging
  • One or two participants of the study mentioned this aspect

Democratic
  • The Freedom of speech gives space to multiple opinions and is every individual's expectation

  • “She listened to everyone, not just the seniors. That gave me the confidence to speak.”

Networking
  • Networking gives rise to multiple opportunities, and work can be done easily

  • “She was so well-connected- things moved faster when she stepped in.”

Communication
  • Effective communication is an essential aspect of mentoring and leadership

  • “Her clarity in talking helped me see problems in a new way.”

Beneficial skillsetEmpathy
  • This quality is expected from every leader, which makes them more likable and preferred by mentees or the team

  • “She knew when to push and when to just listen. That made her stand out.”

Technology
  • Very few respondents mentioned technology, stating that it might help

Feedback
  • The freedom and acceptance of feedback helps individual assess and promotes growth

  • “She never made feedback feel like criticism. That's why I grew under her.”

Accommodative behavior
  • We expect a behavior which is adaptive and accommodative

Motivation/Passion
  • In the field of mentoring, the role of motivation is immense where the workload is high, even post-work hours

  • “She worked even after hours without complaining. It motivated us to push ourselves.”

Sustainable mentoringPrioritizing work
  • An individual can only sustain in the field of mentoring where one's priority is work

  • “You can't sustain mentoring unless you genuinely make it a part of your job.”

Consistency
  • Consistency is the challenge for most individuals (mentors) to continue the taken-up task

  • “She was great initially but got too busy later. That drop in consistency affects us.”

Networking
  • Today's time is all about connections; those with good networking skills tend to get more opportunities

Quality output
  • A mentor is usually judged based on one's output produced

  • “A mentor is only valued if results are visible—no matter the effort.”

Seeking assistance
  • We are struggling to find much information

Gender effectRemuneration
  • The difference in remuneration based on gender is evident in multiple sectors

  • The difference, despite equal opportunity and effort, needs to be addressed

  • “Men with equal roles get better pay and are still expected to mentor. For women, it's extra work.”

Emotional stability
  • The stability of emotion is a challenge in some cases of females; at the same time, lack of emotion is an issue for males in the field of mentoring

  • “She was emotionally strong but still judged harshly for being ‘too sensitive.”

Competitiveness
  • Not much difference was seen between both genders in mentoring

Working hours/Availability
  • Men tend to be more available than females as mentors

  • “Female mentors often leave early or juggle kids, so they're seen as unavailable.”

Productivity and preferenceTime invested
  • Times invested results in productivity but doesn't necessarily determine the preference for choosing a mentor

  • “She gave time, and that built trust, but I still didn't choose her due to team politics.”

Opportunity
  • In most cases, mentees do not get an opportunity to choose their mentors

  • Female mentors are expected not to gather many opportunities for mentees as networking is challenging for females

  • “We don't always get to pick our mentors—it depends on who's willing and free.”

Knowledge
  • This aspect did not make much of a difference in choosing mentors

Remuneration
  • It differs concerning the output or results achieved

Competency
  • This dimension tends to impact the productivity of males and females when they are fixated on solving problems in a particular way

  • “She knew her stuff, but her approach didn't align with how I work.”

Openness
  • The willingness to share information and provide guidance contributes to productive results

AchievementPersonality
  • Personality of a mentor should be targeted to achieve success, and also the nature to help others if present is very beneficial

  • “Her calm presence and focus on helping others made her a natural mentor.”

Networking
  • It helps get more opportunities and leads to better productivity by inculcating multiple perspectives

  • “Because she was known across departments, she created more opportunities for me.”

Availability
  • Mentor's availability for mentees during need boosts their achievement motivation

Emotional Stability
  • Emotion is constant, but those who have a grip over it and progress towards success tend to achieve more

  • “She didn't react impulsively. Her emotional control helped me gain perspective.”

Challenge facedTime constraint
  • This issue is prevalent in female mentors

  • The multiple obligations are the underlying cause of time constraints

  • “With kids and work, mentoring was one more responsibility I had no time for.”

Multiple responsibilities
  • The responsibilities multiply for working females

  • Productivity at times is a challenge due to multitasking

  • “We are managing too much—house, job, mentoring—it becomes exhausting.”

Acknowledgment
  • Females experience a lack of acknowledgment despite complying with the expected and given responsibilities

  • This leads to low motivation to mentor, causing them to adhere to the given task

  • “Even after mentoring juniors, I never got formal credit for it.”

Lack of support
  • Mentoring as a profession demands time, making it difficult for women to multi-task and manage

  • Family and societal support is expected by career-oriented women, which individuals fail to provide in most cases, and a woman is expected to manage it all

  • “I had to handle it all—family expected me to manage, not ask for time.”

Source(s): Authors’ findings

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