Table 2 Stepwise approach to applying... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Stepwise approach to applying the IMAGE process

Step	Description	Data sources / outputs
Step 1: Initiating community engagement	Ethically engage with a diverse group of stakeholders (healthcare workers, patients, caregivers, palliative care specialists, community organizations) to ensure comprehensive participation in the end-of-life care ecosystem through multiple communication channels	Recruitment and sample – 32 participants, including healthcare staff, community members and the public, engaged in the event
Step 2: Mapping individual and group experiences	Participants engage in small group storyboarding to explore individual desires and experiences regarding end-of-life care. This process encouraged intimate exchanges and collective wisdom, followed by a larger group discussion to refine ideas for a “good death” experience	Small group storyboards and a final large group discussion helped clarify end-of-life experiences (see Figure 3) Data from Step 2 included Storyboards, photographs, notes from group discussions
Step 3: Articulating insights via graphic expression	The generated data was thematically analyzed to derive insights into participants’ end-of-life care preferences, forming the foundation for visual design development	Thematic analysis provided emergent themes on end-of-life care preferences (see Table 3)
Step 4: Generating creative briefs for design	Creative briefs were developed, clearly outlining the project’s objectives, target audience and key requirements, including the need for culturally sensitive care and family support in end-of-life care settings	Creative brief capturing insights from the co-design process provided to the artist as guidance (see Figure 4)
Step 5: Executing artist collaboration for visual storytelling	A local artist worked iteratively with the research team to create narrative images based on the creative brief. Feedback was incorporated to refine the visuals, ensuring they effectively conveyed compassionate and home-like care	The digital artist first developed concept drawings (see Figure 4), which the broader research team provided feedback. After integrating feedback, the artist provided narrative images (see Figure 5)

Step	Description	Data sources / outputs
Step 1: Initiating community engagement	Ethically engage with a diverse group of stakeholders (healthcare workers, patients, caregivers, palliative care specialists, community organizations) to ensure comprehensive participation in the end-of-life care ecosystem through multiple communication channels	Recruitment and sample – 32 participants, including healthcare staff, community members and the public, engaged in the event
Step 2: Mapping individual and group experiences	Participants engage in small group storyboarding to explore individual desires and experiences regarding end-of-life care. This process encouraged intimate exchanges and collective wisdom, followed by a larger group discussion to refine ideas for a “good death” experience	Small group storyboards and a final large group discussion helped clarify end-of-life experiences (see Figure 3)Data from Step 2 included Storyboards, photographs, notes from group discussions
Step 3: Articulating insights via graphic expression	The generated data was thematically analyzed to derive insights into participants’ end-of-life care preferences, forming the foundation for visual design development	Thematic analysis provided emergent themes on end-of-life care preferences (see Table 3)
Step 4: Generating creative briefs for design	Creative briefs were developed, clearly outlining the project’s objectives, target audience and key requirements, including the need for culturally sensitive care and family support in end-of-life care settings	Creative brief capturing insights from the co-design process provided to the artist as guidance (see Figure 4)
Step 5: Executing artist collaboration for visual storytelling	A local artist worked iteratively with the research team to create narrative images based on the creative brief. Feedback was incorporated to refine the visuals, ensuring they effectively conveyed compassionate and home-like care	The digital artist first developed concept drawings (see Figure 4), which the broader research team provided feedback. After integrating feedback, the artist provided narrative images (see Figure 5)

Source(s): Authors’ work