Rejects traditional dualisms (e.g., rationalism versus empiricism, free will versus determinism, facts versus values, subjectivism versus objectivism) and focuses on solving problems.

Knowledge is viewed as being both constructed and based on the reality of the world we experience and live in.

Upholds the position that research conclusions are rarely, if ever, certain or absolute.

Endorses pluralism in the use of conflicting theories that can be useful to gain understanding of people and the world.

Views current truth and knowledge as tentative and as changing over time.

Takes a value-oriented approach to research.