Note: Writing engagement scores can range from 30 to 130. ^aThe mean scores presented here are lower than mean scores found in other studies (e.g., Daly, 1978); however, those studies were conducted with high school and college student populations, whom we might expect to have less apprehension and more engagement with writing, as they have significantly more experience with writing. For example, one study using the Writing Apprehension Test with college students reported a mean of 75.59 (SD = 13.35).