Table 2 Appendix Source Strand/Topic...

Table 2

Appendix

Source	Strand/Topic	STEM Indicator
CCSSM Grade 7	Ratios and Proportional Relationships (Overview)	• Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
CCSSM Grade 7	Expressions and Equations Overview	• Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
CCSSM Grade 8	Statistics & probability	• 8.SP.A.3 Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height.
TEKS Grade 7	Introduction	• 7.a.2 The process standards weave the other knowledge and skills together so that students may be successful problem solvers and use mathematics efficiently and effectively in daily life. The process standards are integrated at every grade level and course. When possible students When possible, students will apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace…. Students will select appropriate tools such as real objects, manipulatives, algorithms, paper and pencil, and technology and techniques such as mental math, estimation, number sense, and generalization and abstraction to solve problems. Students will effectively communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications.
		7.a.3 While the use of all types of technology is important, the emphasis on algebra readiness skills necessitates the implementation of graphing technology.
TEKS Grade 8	Mathematical Process Standards	• 8.b.1C select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;
NCTM Principles	Standards for Grades 6-8 - Introduction	• The understanding of proportionality should also emerge through problem solving and reasoning, and it is important in connecting mathematical topics and in connecting mathematics and other domains such as science and art.
NCTM Principles	Algebra Standard for Grades 6-8	• A major goal in the middle grades is to develop students’ facility with using patterns and functions to represent, model, and analyze a variety of phenomena and relationships in mathematics problems or in the real world. With computers and graphing calculators to produce graphical representations and perform complex calculations, students can focus on using functions to model patterns of quantitative change.s
		• With a graphing calculator or computer graphing software, students can test some conjectures more easily than with paper-and-pencil methods.
		• Students’ examination of graphs of change and graphs of accumulation can be facilitated with specially designed computer software.
NCTM Principles	Geometry Standard for Grades 6-8	• Recognize and apply geometric ideas and relationships in areas outside the mathematics classroom, such as art, science, and everyday life. Students also need to examine, build, compose, and decompose complex two- and three-dimensional objects, which they can do with a variety of media, including paper-and-pencil sketches, geometric models, and dynamic geometry software.
NCTM Principles (continued)	Geometry Standard for Grades 6-8 (continued)	• Many investigations in middle-grades geometry can be connected to other school subjects. Nature, art, and the sciences provide opportunities for the observation and the subsequent exploration of geometry concepts and patterns as well as for appreciating and understanding the beauty and utility of geometry. For example, the study in nature or art of golden rectangles (i.e., rectangles in which the ratio of the lengths is the golden ratio, (1 + «/5)/2) or the study of the relationship between the rigidity of triangles and their use in construction helps students see and appreciate the importance of geometry in our world.
NCTM Principles	Data Analysis and Probability Standard for Grades 6-8	• Because laboratory experiments involving data collection are part of the middle-grades science curriculum, mathematics teachers may find it useful to collaborate with science teachers so that they are consistent in their design of experiments. Such collaboration could be extended so that students might collect the data for an experiment in science class and analyze it in mathematics class.
		• Computer simulations may help students avoid or overcome erroneous probabilistic thinking. Simulations afford students access to relatively large samples that can be generated quickly and modified easily. Technology can thus facilitate students’ learning of probability.
NCTM Principles	Representation Standard for Grades6-8	• The use of graphing calculators or appropriate computer software can greatly facilitate such an examination and can allow students to see such important relationships as the one between the value of k in the equation y = kx and the slope of the corresponding line.
		• Drawing on what they have learned in science and social studies, they might then make recommendations for reducing the flow of paper into landfills or incinerators.
TCCRS Mathematics Standards	Understanding and Using These Standards	• Mathematical thinking never occurs in a vacuum; it is always embedded in appropriate content. The use of technology is an instructional decision that facilitates the learning of mathematical concepts and processes.
TCCRs Mathematics Standards	Functions	• VII. C.2.c Identify real world situations that can be modeled by functions (e.g., situations in science, business, economics).
TCCRS Mathematics Standards	Connections	• X. A.2. Connect mathematics to the study of other disciplines.
		• a. Use mathematical models to solve problems in areas such as science, business, and economics.
		• b. Use applications of mathematics (e.g., carbon dating, exponential population growth, amortization tables).
		• X. B.2. c. Apply known mathematical relations (e.g., Ohm’s Law, Hardy-Weinberg Law, rule for continuously compounded interest) to solve real world problems.

Source	Strand/Topic	STEM Indicator
CCSSM Grade 7	Ratios and Proportional Relationships (Overview)	• Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
CCSSM Grade 7	Expressions and Equations Overview	• Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
CCSSM Grade 8	Statistics & probability	• 8.SP.A.3 Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height.
TEKS Grade 7	Introduction	• 7.a.2 The process standards weave the other knowledge and skills together so that students may be successful problem solvers and use mathematics efficiently and effectively in daily life. The process standards are integrated at every grade level and course. When possible students When possible, students will apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace…. Students will select appropriate tools such as real objects, manipulatives, algorithms, paper and pencil, and technology and techniques such as mental math, estimation, number sense, and generalization and abstraction to solve problems. Students will effectively communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications.
		7.a.3 While the use of all types of technology is important, the emphasis on algebra readiness skills necessitates the implementation of graphing technology.
TEKS Grade 8	Mathematical Process Standards	• 8.b.1C select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;
NCTM Principles	Standards for Grades 6-8 - Introduction	• The understanding of proportionality should also emerge through problem solving and reasoning, and it is important in connecting mathematical topics and in connecting mathematics and other domains such as science and art.
NCTM Principles	Algebra Standard for Grades 6-8	• A major goal in the middle grades is to develop students’ facility with using patterns and functions to represent, model, and analyze a variety of phenomena and relationships in mathematics problems or in the real world. With computers and graphing calculators to produce graphical representations and perform complex calculations, students can focus on using functions to model patterns of quantitative change.s
		• With a graphing calculator or computer graphing software, students can test some conjectures more easily than with paper-and-pencil methods.
		• Students’ examination of graphs of change and graphs of accumulation can be facilitated with specially designed computer software.
NCTM Principles	Geometry Standard for Grades 6-8	• Recognize and apply geometric ideas and relationships in areas outside the mathematics classroom, such as art, science, and everyday life. Students also need to examine, build, compose, and decompose complex two- and three-dimensional objects, which they can do with a variety of media, including paper-and-pencil sketches, geometric models, and dynamic geometry software.
NCTM Principles (continued)	Geometry Standard for Grades 6-8 (continued)	• Many investigations in middle-grades geometry can be connected to other school subjects. Nature, art, and the sciences provide opportunities for the observation and the subsequent exploration of geometry concepts and patterns as well as for appreciating and understanding the beauty and utility of geometry. For example, the study in nature or art of golden rectangles (i.e., rectangles in which the ratio of the lengths is the golden ratio, (1 + «/5)/2) or the study of the relationship between the rigidity of triangles and their use in construction helps students see and appreciate the importance of geometry in our world.
NCTM Principles	Data Analysis and Probability Standard for Grades 6-8	• Because laboratory experiments involving data collection are part of the middle-grades science curriculum, mathematics teachers may find it useful to collaborate with science teachers so that they are consistent in their design of experiments. Such collaboration could be extended so that students might collect the data for an experiment in science class and analyze it in mathematics class.
		• Computer simulations may help students avoid or overcome erroneous probabilistic thinking. Simulations afford students access to relatively large samples that can be generated quickly and modified easily. Technology can thus facilitate students’ learning of probability.
NCTM Principles	Representation Standard for Grades6-8	• The use of graphing calculators or appropriate computer software can greatly facilitate such an examination and can allow students to see such important relationships as the one between the value of k in the equation y = kx and the slope of the corresponding line.
		• Drawing on what they have learned in science and social studies, they might then make recommendations for reducing the flow of paper into landfills or incinerators.
TCCRS Mathematics Standards	Understanding and Using These Standards	• Mathematical thinking never occurs in a vacuum; it is always embedded in appropriate content. The use of technology is an instructional decision that facilitates the learning of mathematical concepts and processes.
TCCRs Mathematics Standards	Functions	• VII. C.2.c Identify real world situations that can be modeled by functions (e.g., situations in science, business, economics).
TCCRS Mathematics Standards	Connections	• X. A.2. Connect mathematics to the study of other disciplines.
		• a. Use mathematical models to solve problems in areas such as science, business, and economics.
		• b. Use applications of mathematics (e.g., carbon dating, exponential population growth, amortization tables).
		• X. B.2. c. Apply known mathematical relations (e.g., Ohm’s Law, Hardy-Weinberg Law, rule for continuously compounded interest) to solve real world problems.

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