Means, Standard Deviations, Alpha Coefficients, and Zero Order Correlations of Study Variables
| Variables | M | SD | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.37 | .51 | .88 | — | ||||||||||
| 2.04 | .57 | .86 | .39** | — | |||||||||
| 3.84 | .43 | .78 | -.16** | -.28** | — | ||||||||
| 3.97 | .41 | .85 | -.13** | -.25** | .65** | — | |||||||
| 3.08 | .51 | .89 | .26** | .19** | .28** | .27** | — | ||||||
| 3.05 | .49 | .74 | .24** | .21** | .18** | .22** | .66** | — | |||||
| 4.41 | .87 | — | -.07 | -.02 | .05 | .04 | .02 | -.01 | — | ||||
| 4.07 | 1.0 | — | -.05 | -.05 | .05 | -.01 | -.01 | .02 | .28** | — | |||
| 4.09 | 1.0 | — | -.05 | -.08* | .07 | . 02 | -.01 | .03 | .34** | .40** | — | ||
| 4.30 | 1.0 | — | -.01 | -.07 | .10* | .06 | -.08 | -.05 | .35** | .21** | .31** | — | |
| 3.25 | .69 | — | -.13** | -.08* | .10* | .02 | -.09* | -.10* | .48** | .54** | .50** | .49** | — |
| M | SD | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 HSD | 2.37 | .51 | .88 | — | ||||||||||
2 AC | 2.04 | .57 | .86 | .39 | — | |||||||||
3 AE | 3.84 | .43 | .78 | -.16 | -.28 | — | ||||||||
4 MGO | 3.97 | .41 | .85 | -.13 | -.25 | .65 | — | |||||||
5 PAp | 3.08 | .51 | .89 | .26 | .19 | .28 | .27 | — | ||||||
6 PAv | 3.05 | .49 | .74 | .24 | .21 | .18 | .22 | .66 | — | |||||
7 LAG | 4.41 | .87 | — | -.07 | -.02 | .05 | .04 | .02 | -.01 | — | ||||
8 MG | 4.07 | 1.0 | — | -.05 | -.05 | .05 | -.01 | -.01 | .02 | .28 | — | |||
9 S | 4.09 | 1.0 | — | -.05 | -.08 | .07 | . 02 | -.01 | .03 | .34 | .40 | — | ||
10 SS | 4.30 | 1.0 | — | -.01 | -.07 | .10 | .06 | -.08 | -.05 | .35 | .21 | .31 | — | |
11 GPA | 3.25 | .69 | — | -.13 | -.08 | .10 | .02 | -.09 | -.10 | .48 | .54 | .50 | .49 | — |
Note:* = p < .05. ** = p < .01.
HSD = Ho me-School Disso nance; AC = Academic C heating; AE = Ac ademic E fficacy; MGO = Ma stery Go al Orie ntation; PAp = Performance Approach Goal Orientation; PA v = Pe rformance Avoidance Goal Orientation; L AG = L anguage Arts Grades; M G = Ma th G rades; S = Sc ience Grades; SSs= Social Studies Grades; GPA = Grade Point Average.