Quality is indicated in the process

Endeavors that take a long time and go through a difficult process, with multiple gatekeepers equals a high-quality product

Quality is indicated by the outcome

A high quality product is a high-quality product, despite the process

“Contact hours”

Learning is structured into sequenced, discrete “courses” which are the property of the university

Learning is something that is done to students

“Learning hours”

Learning is a structured, but synergistic connection between disciplines and knowledge domains, which generate ideas that individuals take ownership of

Learning is something that students experience

Faculty vs. administrators

Faculty personal and professional satisfaction and tenure systems form the collective heart of the university

Faculty as part of the organization

The personal and professional satisfaction of faculty, students, staff, and community stakeholders form the collective heart of the university

Students as consumers and products

Students are a homogenous group that can be served with the same class formats, instructors, and same support services

Students as customers and key stakeholders

Students are a highly diverse group that need more personalization of and within class formats, instructor styles, and support services

Institution of higher learning

Traditions provide the organizational foundation

Organization of higher learning

Change and innovation provide the organizational foundation

Authority is established by position and title

Influence, impact, and inspiration replace authority and are established by an individual’s actions and ability to inspire others for the greater good of the organization