Hierarchical levels of AI adoption barriers (ISM results)
| Level | Barrier(s) | Functional category |
|---|---|---|
| I | ROI uncertainty (F6) | Outcome |
| II | Data privacy concerns (F7) | Compliance outcome |
| III | Ethical concerns (F5) | Governance outcome |
| IV | Limited awareness (F8) | Cognitive driver |
| V | Data quality issues (F1) | Technical foundation |
| VI | System integration (F2), change resistance (F3) | Structural/behavioral drivers |
| VII | Skill deficiency (F4) | Human resource constraint |
| VIII | High costs (F9), infrastructure limitations (F10) | Foundational enablers |
| Level | Barrier(s) | Functional category |
|---|---|---|
| I | Outcome | |
| Data privacy concerns (F7) | Compliance outcome | |
| Ethical concerns (F5) | Governance outcome | |
| Limited awareness (F8) | Cognitive driver | |
| V | Data quality issues (F1) | Technical foundation |
| System integration (F2), change resistance (F3) | Structural/behavioral drivers | |
| Skill deficiency (F4) | Human resource constraint | |
| High costs (F9), infrastructure limitations (F10) | Foundational enablers |
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