Definition of STEM education from lowest to highest level of knowledge integration
| Type of integration | Definition |
|---|---|
| Disciplinary | Discipline-specific knowledge is learned separately with no connections made to other disciplines |
| Multidisciplinary | Discipline-specific knowledge is learned separately yet within a common theme and/or towards a common goal |
| Interdisciplinary | Closely connected discipline knowledge is learned together from different disciplinary perspectives |
| Transdisciplinary | Seamless amalgamation and/or seamless web of knowledge from multiple disciplines, considered simultaneously without regard to the perspective of any given discipline |
| Type of integration | Definition |
|---|---|
| Disciplinary | Discipline-specific knowledge is learned separately with no connections made to other disciplines |
| Multidisciplinary | Discipline-specific knowledge is learned separately yet within a common theme and/or towards a common goal |
| Interdisciplinary | Closely connected discipline knowledge is learned together from different disciplinary perspectives |
| Transdisciplinary | Seamless amalgamation and/or seamless web of knowledge from multiple disciplines, considered simultaneously without regard to the perspective of any given discipline |
Source(s): Adapted from English (2016), Ortiz-Revilla et al. (2020, 2022) and Nadelson and Seifert (2017)