Means, Standard Deviations, and Results of ANOVA Analyses Among Audio Conference (AC), Text Chat (TC), and Discussion Board (DB) Groups
| COLLES Question (I found that…) | AC Mean (SD) | TC Mean (SD) | DB Mean (SD) | F Statistic | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Relevance | ||||||
| 4. | what I learn connects well with my professional practice.n | 4.00 (0.67) | 4.40 (0.52) | 3.50 (0.54) | 5.367 | 0.012 |
| Reflective Thinking | ||||||
| 6. | I think critically about my own ideas. | 3.80 (0.79) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.54) | 3.838 | 0.035 |
| 7. | I think critically about other students' ideas. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.70 (0.48) | 3.25 (0.46) | 22.250 | <0.0001 |
| 8. | I think critically about the ideas in the read ings. | 4.00 (0.67) | 3.70 (0.48) | 3.00 (0.76) | 5.667 | 0.009 |
| Interactivity | ||||||
| 9. | I explain my ideas to other students. | 3.80 (0.42) | 4.10 (0.88) | 3.00 (1.31) | 3.419 | 0.049 |
| 11. | other students ask me to explain my ideas. | 3.00 (0.67) | 4.40 (0.52) | 2.50 (0.54) | 26.830 | <0.0001 |
| 12. | other students respond to my ideas. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.10 (0.88) | 2.67 (0.52) | 8.341 | 0.002 |
| Interpretation of Meaning | ||||||
| 14. | other students make good sense of my mes sages. | 4.20 (0.42) | 3.70 (0.48) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.271 | 0.025 |
| Tutor Support | ||||||
| 17. | the tutor stimulates my thinking. | 3.80 (0.42) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.93) | 3.838 | 0.035 |
| 19. | the tutor models good discourse. | 4.40 (0.84) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.93) | 3.602 | 0.042 |
| Peer Support | ||||||
| 21. | other students encourage my participation. | 3.80 (0.42) | 3.60 (0.97) | 2.75 (0.46) | 5.823 | 0.008 |
| 22. | other students praise my contribution. | 3.50 (0.54) | 4.00 (0.82) | 2.75 (0.46) | 8.427 | 0.002 |
| 23. | other students value my contribution. | 3.80 (0.79) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.00 (0.76) | 8.066 | 0.002 |
| 24. | other students empathize with my struggle to learn. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.54) | 6.937 | 0.004 |
| COLLES Question (I found that…) | AC Mean (SD) | TC Mean (SD) | DB Mean (SD) | F Statistic | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4. | what I learn connects well with my professional practice.n | 4.00 (0.67) | 4.40 (0.52) | 3.50 (0.54) | 5.367 | 0.012 |
| 6. | I think critically about my own ideas. | 3.80 (0.79) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.54) | 3.838 | 0.035 |
| 7. | I think critically about other students' ideas. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.70 (0.48) | 3.25 (0.46) | 22.250 | <0.0001 |
| 8. | I think critically about the ideas in the read ings. | 4.00 (0.67) | 3.70 (0.48) | 3.00 (0.76) | 5.667 | 0.009 |
| 9. | I explain my ideas to other students. | 3.80 (0.42) | 4.10 (0.88) | 3.00 (1.31) | 3.419 | 0.049 |
| 11. | other students ask me to explain my ideas. | 3.00 (0.67) | 4.40 (0.52) | 2.50 (0.54) | 26.830 | <0.0001 |
| 12. | other students respond to my ideas. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.10 (0.88) | 2.67 (0.52) | 8.341 | 0.002 |
| Interpretation of Meaning | ||||||
| 14. | other students make good sense of my mes sages. | 4.20 (0.42) | 3.70 (0.48) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.271 | 0.025 |
| 17. | the tutor stimulates my thinking. | 3.80 (0.42) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.93) | 3.838 | 0.035 |
| 19. | the tutor models good discourse. | 4.40 (0.84) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.93) | 3.602 | 0.042 |
| 21. | other students encourage my participation. | 3.80 (0.42) | 3.60 (0.97) | 2.75 (0.46) | 5.823 | 0.008 |
| 22. | other students praise my contribution. | 3.50 (0.54) | 4.00 (0.82) | 2.75 (0.46) | 8.427 | 0.002 |
| 23. | other students value my contribution. | 3.80 (0.79) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.00 (0.76) | 8.066 | 0.002 |
| 24. | other students empathize with my struggle to learn. | 3.60 (0.52) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.50 (0.54) | 6.937 | 0.004 |
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