| Indirect Path Through the Following Mediators | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Path | Math | Stats | ||||||
| Math | Stats | Mastery | Solutions | Hints | Mastery | Solutions | Hints | |
| Surprise | –.04 | .00 | .02 | –.02 | .01 | .03 | ||
| Curiosity | .05 | .03 | –.04 | –.01 | –.05 | .04 | ||
| Confusion | –.04 | –.13** | .07 | –.03 | –.06 | .02 | ||
| Anxiety | –.09* | .03 | –.08 | –.06 | .00 | .06 | ||
| Frustration | .04 | .03 | .04 | .09* | .12** | –.03 | ||
| Joy | .04 | –.05 | .01 | .03 | .04 | –.01 | ||
| Boredom | –.03 | –.05 | –.05 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 | ||
| Surprised Exam | .05 | –.02 | –.02 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | .00 | .00 |
| Surprised Bonus | –.01 | .02 | –.03 | .00 | .00 | –.02 | .00 | .00 |
| Curiosity→Exam | .04 | .07* | .02 | –.01 | .00 | –.01 | .02 | –.01 |
| Curiosity→Bonus | .05** | .05** | .04 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | .01 | .00 |
| Confusion→Exam | –.03 | –.03 | –.02 | .02** | .00 | –.02 | .02 | .00 |
| Confus i on→Bonus | .00 | .05* | –.03 | .00 | .00 | –.03 | .01 | .00 |
| Anxiety→Exam | –.19 | –.04 | –.04* | –.01 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.01 |
| Anxiety→Bonus | –.06** | –.01 | –.07* | .00 | .00 | –.06 | .00 | –.01 |
| Frust→Exam | –.04 | –.01 | .02 | .00 | .00 | .05* | –.04** | .00 |
| Frust→Bonus | –.04 | –.07** | .03 | .00 | .00 | .08* | –.02** | .00 |
| Joy→Exam | –.05 | –.07* | .02 | .01 | .00 | .02 | –.01 | .00 |
| Joy→Bonus | .04 | –.09*** | .03 | .00 | .00 | .03 | –.01 | .00 |
| Boredom→Exam | .00 | –.01 | –.01 | .01 | .00 | –.03 | .02 | .00 |
| Boredom→Bonus | .03 | –.01 | –.02 | .00 | .00 | –.05 | .01 | .00 |
| Surprise | –.04 | .00 | .02 | –.02 | .01 | .03 | ||
| Curiosity | .05 | .03 | –.04 | –.01 | –.05 | .04 | ||
| Confusion | –.04 | –.13** | .07 | –.03 | –.06 | .02 | ||
| Anxiety | –.09* | .03 | –.08 | –.06 | .00 | .06 | ||
| Frustration | .04 | .03 | .04 | .09* | .12** | –.03 | ||
| Joy | .04 | –.05 | .01 | .03 | .04 | –.01 | ||
| Boredom | –.03 | –.05 | –.05 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 | ||
| Surprised Exam | .05 | –.02 | –.02 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | .00 | .00 |
| Surprised Bonus | –.01 | .02 | –.03 | .00 | .00 | –.02 | .00 | .00 |
| Curiosity→Exam | .04 | .07* | .02 | –.01 | .00 | –.01 | .02 | –.01 |
| Curiosity→Bonus | .05** | .05** | .04 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | .01 | .00 |
| Confusion→Exam | –.03 | –.03 | –.02 | .02** | .00 | –.02 | .02 | .00 |
| Confus i on→Bonus | .00 | .05* | –.03 | .00 | .00 | –.03 | .01 | .00 |
| Anxiety→Exam | –.19 | –.04 | –.04* | –.01 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.01 |
| Anxiety→Bonus | –.06** | –.01 | –.07* | .00 | .00 | –.06 | .00 | –.01 |
| Frust→Exam | –.04 | –.01 | .02 | .00 | .00 | .05* | –.04** | .00 |
| Frust→Bonus | –.04 | –.07** | .03 | .00 | .00 | .08* | –.02** | .00 |
| Joy→Exam | –.05 | –.07* | .02 | .01 | .00 | .02 | –.01 | .00 |
| Joy→Bonus | .04 | –.09*** | .03 | .00 | .00 | .03 | –.01 | .00 |
| Boredom→Exam | .00 | –.01 | –.01 | .01 | .00 | –.03 | .02 | .00 |
| Boredom→Bonus | .03 | –.01 | –.02 | .00 | .00 | –.05 | .01 | .00 |
Note: Standardized coefficients. *p < .1. **p < .05. ***p < .01.