| Math | Stats | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exam | Bonus | Mastery | Solutions | Hints | Exam | Bonus | Mastery | Solutions | Hints | |
| MathMastery | .4*** | .78*** | ||||||||
| MathSolutions | –.16*** | .00 | ||||||||
| MathHints | .00 | .00 | ||||||||
| StatsMastery | 53*** | 92*** | ||||||||
| StatsSolutions | –.31*** | –.17*** | ||||||||
| StatsHints | –.14*** | –.08*** | ||||||||
| Autonomous | –.08** | –.06** | .03 | .10** | .01 | –.06 | –.06** | .05 | 12*** | –.01 |
| Control | –.06** | –.03 | .04 | .02 | –.01 | –.07** | .03 | .02 | .01 | –.02 |
| Amotivation | .01 | –.02 | –.01 | 09** | .03 | –.08** | –.03 | –.01 | .03 | –.04 |
| Deep | 09** | .03 | .03 | –.01 | –.02 | 12*** | .05** | 12*** | .01 | –.01 |
| Step | –.06* | –.03 | –.06 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | –.03 | –.03 | –.01 | .01 |
| Concrete | –.02 | –.01 | –.05 | –.10** | .04 | –.07 | –.01 | –.06 | .00 | .00 |
| Self | –.08** | .03 | –.04 | .00 | –.05 | –.1** | –.03 | –.10** | –.01 | .00 |
| Extern | –.03 | .03 | .07* | .00 | .05 | –.03 | .02 | .08** | .06 | .04 |
| Lackr | .03 | .02 | –.03 | .02 | –.04 | –.02 | .01 | –.01 | .03 | –.03 |
| Acadbuoy | –.08*** | –.04** | –.07* | –.02 | –.01 | –.05 | –.03 | –.12*** | –.04 | –.06 |
| Procrast | –.06* | .02 | –.18*** | –.14*** | –.09** | –.04 | .02 | –.22*** | –.09** | –.02 |
| Longterm | –.01 | –.02 | .03 | .05 | .08** | .02 | .01 | .05 | –.03 | .08** |
| Instrumental | .00 | .03* | –.03 | –.05 | –.06 | .06* | 07*** | –.07** | –.02 | .00 |
| Avoidance | –.05 | –.04** | –.1Q*** | –.02 | –.01 | –.06* | –.09*** | –.09** | –.06 | –.05 |
| Executive | .02 | .03 | .02 | .06 | .06 | .04 | .06*** | .04 | 1** | .05 |
| Perceived interest | –.02 | .01 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.01 | –.06 | .02 |
| Perceived learning | .02 | .00 | –.02 | .06 | .06 | .00 | –.01 | –.01 | .07 | –.04 |
| Formal | .01 | .02 | .00 | .00 | .01 | .06** | .01 | –.03 | –.02** | .01 |
| Surprise | .05 | –.01 | –.04 | .00 | .02 | –.02 | .02 | –.02 | .01 | .03 |
| Curiosity | .04 | .05 | .05 | .03 | –.04 | .07* | .05** | –.01 | –.05 | .04 |
| Confusion | .03 | .00 | –.04 | –.13** | .07 | –.03 | .05* | –.03 | –.06 | .02 |
| Anxiety | –.19*** | –.06** | –.09* | .03 | –.08 | –.04 | –.01 | –.06 | .00 | .06 |
| Frustration | –.04 | –.04 | .04 | .03 | .04 | –.01 | –.02** | .09* | 12** | –.03 |
| Joy | –.05 | .04 | .04 | –.05 | .01 | –.07* | –.09*** | .03 | .04 | –.01 |
| Boredom | .00 | .03 | –.03 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 | –.01 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 |
| Economicsa | .05* | .02 | –.04 | –.03 | .00 | .00 | .02 | .00 | –.04 | .02 |
| FiscalEconomicsa | .03 | .01 | –.06* | –.03 | –.01 | –.02 | –.03* | .02 | .00 | –.05 |
| MathMajor | .12*** | .09*** | .05 | –.14*** | –.01 | .02** | .01 | .02 | –.06* | –.03 |
| MathEntryTestScore | .17*** | .09*** | .18*** | .01 | .03 | .05* | .01 | 13*** | .04 | .01 |
| Female | .04 | .02 | .08** | –.06* | .02 | .04 | .01 | .03 | .03 | –.06* |
| Constant | 16.41*** | 1.42*** | .79*** | .73*** | .17 | 14.85*** | 2.05*** | 1.09*** | .13 | .08 |
| Observations | 959 | 958 | 959 | 959 | 959 | 960 | 960 | 960 | 960 | 960 |
| R2 | .400 | .764 | .214 | .116 | .051 | .365 | .743 | .189 | .094 | .050 |
| MathMastery | .4*** | .78*** | ||||||||
| MathSolutions | –.16*** | .00 | ||||||||
| MathHints | .00 | .00 | ||||||||
| StatsMastery | 53*** | 92*** | ||||||||
| StatsSolutions | –.31*** | –.17*** | ||||||||
| StatsHints | –.14*** | –.08*** | ||||||||
| Autonomous | –.08** | –.06** | .03 | .10** | .01 | –.06 | –.06** | .05 | 12*** | –.01 |
| Control | –.06** | –.03 | .04 | .02 | –.01 | –.07** | .03 | .02 | .01 | –.02 |
| Amotivation | .01 | –.02 | –.01 | 09** | .03 | –.08** | –.03 | –.01 | .03 | –.04 |
| Deep | 09** | .03 | .03 | –.01 | –.02 | 12*** | .05** | 12*** | .01 | –.01 |
| Step | –.06* | –.03 | –.06 | .00 | .00 | –.01 | –.03 | –.03 | –.01 | .01 |
| Concrete | –.02 | –.01 | –.05 | –.10** | .04 | –.07 | –.01 | –.06 | .00 | .00 |
| Self | –.08** | .03 | –.04 | .00 | –.05 | –.1** | –.03 | –.10** | –.01 | .00 |
| Extern | –.03 | .03 | .07* | .00 | .05 | –.03 | .02 | .08** | .06 | .04 |
| Lackr | .03 | .02 | –.03 | .02 | –.04 | –.02 | .01 | –.01 | .03 | –.03 |
| Acadbuoy | –.08*** | –.04** | –.07* | –.02 | –.01 | –.05 | –.03 | –.12*** | –.04 | –.06 |
| Procrast | –.06* | .02 | –.18*** | –.14*** | –.09** | –.04 | .02 | –.22*** | –.09** | –.02 |
| Longterm | –.01 | –.02 | .03 | .05 | .08** | .02 | .01 | .05 | –.03 | .08** |
| Instrumental | .00 | .03* | –.03 | –.05 | –.06 | .06* | 07*** | –.07** | –.02 | .00 |
| Avoidance | –.05 | –.04** | –.1Q*** | –.02 | –.01 | –.06* | –.09*** | –.09** | –.06 | –.05 |
| Executive | .02 | .03 | .02 | .06 | .06 | .04 | .06*** | .04 | 1** | .05 |
| Perceived interest | –.02 | .01 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.03 | .00 | –.01 | –.06 | .02 |
| Perceived learning | .02 | .00 | –.02 | .06 | .06 | .00 | –.01 | –.01 | .07 | –.04 |
| Formal | .01 | .02 | .00 | .00 | .01 | .06** | .01 | –.03 | –.02** | .01 |
| Surprise | .05 | –.01 | –.04 | .00 | .02 | –.02 | .02 | –.02 | .01 | .03 |
| Curiosity | .04 | .05 | .05 | .03 | –.04 | .07* | .05** | –.01 | –.05 | .04 |
| Confusion | .03 | .00 | –.04 | –.13** | .07 | –.03 | .05* | –.03 | –.06 | .02 |
| Anxiety | –.19*** | –.06** | –.09* | .03 | –.08 | –.04 | –.01 | –.06 | .00 | .06 |
| Frustration | –.04 | –.04 | .04 | .03 | .04 | –.01 | –.02** | .09* | 12** | –.03 |
| Joy | –.05 | .04 | .04 | –.05 | .01 | –.07* | –.09*** | .03 | .04 | –.01 |
| Boredom | .00 | .03 | –.03 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 | –.01 | –.05 | –.05 | –.01 |
| Economicsa | .05* | .02 | –.04 | –.03 | .00 | .00 | .02 | .00 | –.04 | .02 |
| FiscalEconomicsa | .03 | .01 | –.06* | –.03 | –.01 | –.02 | –.03* | .02 | .00 | –.05 |
| MathMajor | .12*** | .09*** | .05 | –.14*** | –.01 | .02** | .01 | .02 | –.06* | –.03 |
| MathEntryTestScore | .17*** | .09*** | .18*** | .01 | .03 | .05* | .01 | 13*** | .04 | .01 |
| Female | .04 | .02 | .08** | –.06* | .02 | .04 | .01 | .03 | .03 | –.06* |
| Constant | 16.41*** | 1.42*** | .79*** | .73*** | .17 | 14.85*** | 2.05*** | 1.09*** | .13 | .08 |
| Observations | 959 | 958 | 959 | 959 | 959 | 960 | 960 | 960 | 960 | 960 |
| .400 | .764 | .214 | .116 | .051 | .365 | .743 | .189 | .094 | .050 | |
Note: All coefficients are standardized. *p < .1. **p < .05. ***p < .01.
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