| Subject | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Subjects about design | Needs analysis, lesson programming, lesson design, educational strategy development, lesson material design, and visual design. |
| Subjects about development | Lesson support system and material development, formation of web-based learning administration system, development of online devices, development of online exam system. |
| Subjects about administration | Administration of learning sources, problem-solving, depreciation rate, instructor and personnel support, student support, technical support. |
| Subjects about evaluation | Program quality control, evaluation of learning outputs, cost-benefit analysis, investment gainings, evaluation of support system. |
| Institutional and operational subjects | Administration, academic issues, accreditation, certification, politics, payment, budgeting. |
| Subjects about theory and research | Setting distance education theory/model, literature review, introduction to new research methods, issues of culture and gender, learning style, history of distance education, copyright law. |
| Combination of subjects | Study synthesizing two or more subject areas. |
| Subjects about design | Needs analysis, lesson programming, lesson design, educational strategy development, lesson material design, and visual design. |
| Subjects about development | Lesson support system and material development, formation of web-based learning administration system, development of online devices, development of online exam system. |
| Subjects about administration | Administration of learning sources, problem-solving, depreciation rate, instructor and personnel support, student support, technical support. |
| Subjects about evaluation | Program quality control, evaluation of learning outputs, cost-benefit analysis, investment gainings, evaluation of support system. |
| Institutional and operational subjects | Administration, academic issues, accreditation, certification, politics, payment, budgeting. |
| Subjects about theory and research | Setting distance education theory/model, literature review, introduction to new research methods, issues of culture and gender, learning style, history of distance education, copyright law. |
| Combination of subjects | Study synthesizing two or more subject areas. |
Sources:Lee et al. (2004) and Karataş (2008).