Table 2

Modified Items in Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES)

ScaleItems
Instructor support

In this class …

  1. If I have an inquiry, the instructor finds time to respond.

  2. The instructor helps me identify problem areas in my study.

  3. The instructor responds promptly to my questions.

  4. The instructor gives me valuable feedback on my assignments.

  5. The instructor adequately addresses my questions.

  6. The instructor encourages my participation.

  7. It is easy to contact the instructor.

  8. The instructor provides me with positive and negative feedback on my work.

Student interaction & collaboration
  1. I work with others.

  2. I relate my work to others’ work.

  3. I share information with other students.

  4. I discuss my ideas with other students.

  5. I collaborate with other students in the class.

  6. Group work is a part of my activities.

Personal relevance
  1. I can relate what I learn to my life outside of school.

  2. I am able to pursue topics that interest me.

  3. I can connect my studies to my activities outside of class.

  4. I apply my everyday experiences in class.

  5. I link class work to my life outside of school.

  6. I learn things about the world outside of school.

  7. I apply my out-of-class experience.

Authentic learning
  1. I study real cases related to the class.

  2. I use real facts in class activities.

  3. I work on assignments that deal with real-world information.

  4. I work with real examples.

  5. I enter the real world of the topic of study.

Active learning
  1. I explore my own strategies for learning.

  2. I seek my own answers.

  3. I solve my own problems.

Student autonomy
  1. I make decisions about my learning.

  2. I work during times that I find convenient.

  3. I am in control of my learning.

  4. I play an important role in my learning.

  5. I approach learning in my own way.

Enjoyment face-to-face
  1. Online education is stimulating.

  2. I prefer online education.

  3. Online education is exciting.

  4. Online education is worth my time.

  5. I enjoy studying online.

  6. I look forward to learning online.

  7. I would enjoy my education more if all my classes were online.

  8. I am satisfied with this class.

Enjoyment online
  1. Career and technical education is stimulating.

  2. I prefer career and technical education.

  3. Career and technical education is exciting.

  4. Career and technical education is worth my time.

  5. I enjoy studying career and technical education.

  6. I look forward to learning in career and technical education.

  7. I would enjoy my education more if all my classes were career and technical education.

  8. I am satisfied with this class.

Note: Questions for enjoyment scale items are shown for both versions of the survey.

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