Results by Factors and Universities
| Learner Factors | UOC Data (N = 687) | UNM Data (N = 57) | PKU Data (N = 177) | Significance Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| General self-efficacy | 3.011 | .457 | 3.251 | .567 | 3.030 | .672 | 0.003 |
| Self-efficacy online | 3.241 | .497 | 3.333 | .604 | 3.227 | .626 | 0.408 |
| Motivation | 3.275 | .635 | 3.456 | .656 | 2.966 | .955 | 0.000 |
| Prior knowledge | 2.737 | .512 | 3.058 | .512 | 2.809 | .714 | 0.000 |
| Course expectation | 2.788 | .565 | 3.017 | .640 | 2.817 | .868 | 0.034 |
| Learner Factors | UOC Data (N = 687) | UNM Data (N = 57) | PKU Data (N = 177) | Significance Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| General self-efficacy | 3.011 | .457 | 3.251 | .567 | 3.030 | .672 | 0.003 |
| Self-efficacy online | 3.241 | .497 | 3.333 | .604 | 3.227 | .626 | 0.408 |
| Motivation | 3.275 | .635 | 3.456 | .656 | 2.966 | .955 | 0.000 |
| Prior knowledge | 2.737 | .512 | 3.058 | .512 | 2.809 | .714 | 0.000 |
| Course expectation | 2.788 | .565 | 3.017 | .640 | 2.817 | .868 | 0.034 |
| Institutional Factors | UOC Data (N = 380) | UNM Data (N = 42) | PKU Data (N = 87) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learner support | 3.214 | .619 | 3.581 | .586 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 0.002 |
| Social presence | 3.051 | .745 | 3.545 | .618 | 3.160 | .876 | 0.000 |
| Instruction | 3.094 | .732 | 3.590 | .693 | 2.916 | 1.078 | 0.000 |
| Learning platform | 3.056 | .658 | 3.322 | .715 | 3.006 | .871 | 0.016 |
| Instructor interaction | 3.049 | .775 | 3.193 | .963 | 2.926 | 1.763 | 0.300 |
| Learner interaction | 3.152 | .656 | 3.376 | .720 | 3.148 | .859 | 0.018 |
| Learning content | 3.086 | .0692 | 3.591 | .257 | 3.021 | .964 | 0.000 |
| Course design | 3.089 | 0.144 | 3.519 | .706 | 3.017 | .952 | 0.002 |
| Institutional Factors | UOC Data (N = 380) | UNM Data (N = 42) | PKU Data (N = 87) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learner support | 3.214 | .619 | 3.581 | .586 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 0.002 |
| Social presence | 3.051 | .745 | 3.545 | .618 | 3.160 | .876 | 0.000 |
| Instruction | 3.094 | .732 | 3.590 | .693 | 2.916 | 1.078 | 0.000 |
| Learning platform | 3.056 | .658 | 3.322 | .715 | 3.006 | .871 | 0.016 |
| Instructor interaction | 3.049 | .775 | 3.193 | .963 | 2.926 | 1.763 | 0.300 |
| Learner interaction | 3.152 | .656 | 3.376 | .720 | 3.148 | .859 | 0.018 |
| Learning content | 3.086 | .0692 | 3.591 | .257 | 3.021 | .964 | 0.000 |
| Course design | 3.089 | 0.144 | 3.519 | .706 | 3.017 | .952 | 0.002 |
| Outcome Factors | UOC Data (N = 380) | UNM Data (N = 42) | PKU Data (N = 87) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learner satisfaction | 3.227 | .668 | 3.464 | .466 | 2.803 | 1.103 | 0.000 |
| Knowledge acquisition | 3.112 | .677 | 3.419 | .700 | 2.924 | 1.029 | 0.006 |
| Ability to transfer | 3.002 | .697 | 3.436 | .721 | 2.972 | 1.082 | 0.001 |
| Outcome Factors | UOC Data (N = 380) | UNM Data (N = 42) | PKU Data (N = 87) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learner satisfaction | 3.227 | .668 | 3.464 | .466 | 2.803 | 1.103 | 0.000 |
| Knowledge acquisition | 3.112 | .677 | 3.419 | .700 | 2.924 | 1.029 | 0.006 |
| Ability to transfer | 3.002 | .697 | 3.436 | .721 | 2.972 | 1.082 | 0.001 |
Note: *Scoring: 1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 agree; 4 = strongly agree.
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