Table 1. Summary of literature on... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Summary of literature on current trends in FBS of recycled materials on pavements

Author	Research objectives	Recycled materials utilised	Key findings and associated advantages	Key findings and associated challenges
Maghool et al., 2022	Evaluate strength and deformation of FB-stabilised waste materials	RCA, RAP, RG, and recycled plastic	FB and hydrated lime mixtures showed improved deformation resistance due to synergistic effects	Higher RAP, RG, and recycled plastic contents reduced strength
Bodin et al., 2020	Study deformation of FBS materials and effects of RAP increase	50% RAP with crushed rock	Minimal pavement surface deformation and low rates of deformation under accelerated loading in both early-life and cured states	Adding 50% RAP raised deformation rate but stayed below the control asphalt at similar temperatures
Doan et al., 2024	Evaluate one-part FA and S geopolymers for stabilising C&D aggregates	RCA, crushed brick and RAP	Strength gains occurred at 0.1 activator ratio for CB and RCA, and 0.05 for RAP, exceeding traditional geopolymersLonger curing improved one-part geopolymer strength more than higher temperatures	Low fine contents notably reduced strength, especially at 10% precursor dosage
Mohammadinia et al., 2016	Investigate geopolymer-stabilised C&D materials using FA and S with varied activator-to-binder ratios	RCA, crushed brick and RAP	Geopolymer stabilisation was most effective for RCA, with S binders giving higher strength than FA binders	Crushed brick had low strength, with 7-day curing and additives showing little improvement
Barisoglu et al., 2023	Evaluate cold-recycled FB mixes with 100% RAP for base layers	100% RAP	S-based geopolymer boosted tensile strength, and all active fillers improved moisture resistance by 30%–35%	Adding S-based geopolymers with FB didn’t raise wet indirect tensile strength but reduced moisture sensitivity

Author	Research objectives	Recycled materials utilised	Key findings and associated advantages	Key findings and associated challenges
Maghool et al., 2022	Evaluate strength and deformation of FB-stabilised waste materials	RCA, RAP, RG, and recycled plastic	FB and hydrated lime mixtures showed improved deformation resistance due to synergistic effects	Higher RAP, RG, and recycled plastic contents reduced strength
Bodin et al., 2020	Study deformation of FBS materials and effects of RAP increase	50% RAP with crushed rock	Minimal pavement surface deformation and low rates of deformation under accelerated loading in both early-life and cured states	Adding 50% RAP raised deformation rate but stayed below the control asphalt at similar temperatures
Doan et al., 2024	Evaluate one-part FA and S geopolymers for stabilising C&D aggregates	RCA, crushed brick and RAP	Strength gains occurred at 0.1 activator ratio for CB and RCA, and 0.05 for RAP, exceeding traditional geopolymersLonger curing improved one-part geopolymer strength more than higher temperatures	Low fine contents notably reduced strength, especially at 10% precursor dosage
Mohammadinia et al., 2016	Investigate geopolymer-stabilised C&D materials using FA and S with varied activator-to-binder ratios	RCA, crushed brick and RAP	Geopolymer stabilisation was most effective for RCA, with S binders giving higher strength than FA binders	Crushed brick had low strength, with 7-day curing and additives showing little improvement
Barisoglu et al., 2023	Evaluate cold-recycled FB mixes with 100% RAP for base layers	100% RAP	S-based geopolymer boosted tensile strength, and all active fillers improved moisture resistance by 30%–35%	Adding S-based geopolymers with FB didn’t raise wet indirect tensile strength but reduced moisture sensitivity