Table 2

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

CriteriaInclusionExclusion
Focus of the articleGraduate online educationOther levels of online education
Publication dateArticles published between 2000 and 2020Articles published before 2000 and after 2020
Publication typePublications from peer-reviewed journalsBook chapters, technical reports, dissertations, proceedings
Research methodsEmpirical studies using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methodsNonempirical studies, literature reviews, systematic reviews
LanguageArticles written in EnglishArticles in other languages were not included

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