Table 3

Data Coding

Data Coding ElementsDetails
Study IDEach study extracted from the data search was given a unique ID.
Publication yearPublication year of the article was coded.
AuthorAuthor names were included but excluded in the analysis.
Journal titleJournal title was coded for further analysis.
SubjectSubject was open coded but later categorized into disciplines.
Participant levelStudent level was coded as certificate, master’s, doctoral, faculty, administrators, multiple, not reported, and combination (masters and doctoral, masters and certificate).
CountryCountry was open coded.
Research methodResearch method was coded as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods.
Research themeResearch theme was coded based on 15 themes (more details are provided in the next section).
NotesNotes were taken during the coding process.

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