Table 4

Research Themes in Graduate Online Education

Research ThemeDescription
Learner 
Online EngagementResearch focused on engaging online graduate learners, which is vitally important as they are separated from the instructor and peers in the online setting.
Learner CharacteristicsResearch focused on understanding learner characteristics and how online learning can be designed and delivered to meet their needs.
Learning OutcomesResearch on learner outcomes (what the learner achieves at the end of the course or program) is critical in online courses.
General PerceptionResearch on learner perceptions of online learning in general.
Needs and ChallengesResearch on graduate student needs and challenges.
Course, Program, and Instructor 
TechnologiesResearch on online course technologies such as video conferencing, synchronous technologies, blogs, wikis, etc.
DesignResearch on online course design and development includes models and processes used and different design elements to meet student needs.
Assessment and EvaluationResearch on assessment and evaluation in online courses. Assessment focuses on making inferences about learning. Evaluation includes judging either the process, the product, or a program.
FacilitationResearch on delivery or facilitation of online graduate courses.
Modality ComparisonResearch comparing modalities such as face-to-face and blended with online learning.
Instructor and Library ProfessionalResearch on online instructors and library professionals who engage with online courses.
Coaching, Mentoring, and AdvisingResearch on the coaching, mentoring, and advising in graduate online learning.
Organization 
Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access (IDEA)Research on cross-cultural online learning, equity, access, and the provision of inclusive opportunities for all learners in ethical ways.
Leadership and ManagementResearch on leaders’ perspectives, challenges and strategies, and policies and governance are studied.
Institutional SupportResearch on different types of support for online learning includes learner and instructor support.

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