Table 1:

News and announcements data.

Type/scaleInformation & data sourceaCountriesFindingAuthors
ReviewReview of 37 ex post evaluations of the effectiveness of carbon pricing since 1990Global, but majority EUAggregate emissions reduction is between 0% and 2% per year. EU-ETS reduced emissions between 0% and 1.5% per yearGreen (2021b)
 Review of studies of the effectiveness of EU-ETSEUEmissions regulated by EU-ETS fell by 3% in phase 1 and the first years in phase 2. Emissions by industrial firms reduced between 10% and 26% in phase 2Martin et al. (2016)
Multi-countryEU sectoral emissions data between 2008 and 2016EUThe EU-ETS reduced emissions by 3.8%Bayer and Aklin (2020)
 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion between 2007 and 2017142 countriesThe average annual growth rate of CO2 emissions declines with 2% in countries with a carbon priceBest et al. (2020)
 Energy consumptionOECD countriesA 1€ increase in energy taxes reduces carbon emissions from fossil fuel consumption by 0.73%Sen and Vollebergh (2018)
Single countryEvaluation of studies of effectiveness carbon taxBritish Columbia, CanadaCarbon tax reduced emissions between 5% and 15%Murray and Rivers (2015)
 Monthly provincial gasoline consumption between 1990 and 2011British Columbia, CanadaA five-cent increase in the carbon tax causes gasoline demand to decline by 8.4%Rivers and Schaufele (2015)
 Emissions from thermal power plant units between 2017–2018 in Germany and 2011–2018 in the UKGermany and UKA carbon price in Germany and the UK led to a respectively 10% and 31% carbon emission reductionsGugler et al. (2021)
 Panel data set of power sector emissions between 2013 and 201721 EU countries, UK focusThe carbon tax reduced UK power sector emissions by 20% and 26% per year between 2013 and 2017Leroutier (2022)
 Panel data of power generation and associated emissions at the plant level between 2013 and 2016UKThe carbon tax reduced emissions between 2013 and 2016 by 6.2%Abrell et al. (2022)
 Annual panel data on per capita CO2 emissions from transport between 1960 and 2005SwedenThe carbon tax reduced emissions by 6.3% on average per yearAndersson (2019)
International transportPanel data set of international product trade between countries and associated maritime trade emissions between 2004 and 2017Global, except landlocked countriesA 40$ carbon tax reduces CO2 emissions from maritime trade of heavy products by 7.65%Mundaca et al. (2021)
 Flights and associated emissions in Europe between 2010 and 2016EUInclusion in the EU-ETS in 2021 made airlines reduce emissions by 4.7%Fageda and Teixidó (2022)
InnovationLow-carbon patenting registered by EU the European Patent Office between 1979 and 2009EUThe EU-ETS caused a significant increase in low-carbon patenting of 9.1%Calel and Dechezleprétre (2016)
 Firm-level panel database of clean 80 countries and dirty technology patents in the automotive industry between 1978 and 200580 countriesFirms innovate more in clean and less in dirty technologies with higher tax-inclusive fuel pricesAghion et al. (2016)
 Patent data of different technology USA groups 1970–1994USAAn increase in energy prices increases patent applications clean technologiesPopp (2002)

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