Note: Results from OLS regressions. The dependent variables, from left to right, measure standardized grades from compulsory school (Column 1), standardized test scores for cognitive ability from conscription (Column 2), non-cognitive ability from conscription (Column 3), standardized test scores from upper secondary school (Column 4), the parents’ average turnout in 2009 and 2010 (Column 5) and the share of the parents who ran for office before their child began upper secondary school (Column 6). Standard errors, shown in parentheses, allow for clustering at the school-program level.