Table 4

Voting and infant children, heterogeneity by father’s characteristics.

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
18–29 × Child under age 1−0.032     
 (0.008)     
30–39 × Child under age 1−0.014     
 (0.006)     
White × Child under age 1 −0.018    
  (0.005)    
Black × Child under age 1 −0.049    
  (0.015)    
Latina × Child under age 1 −0.008    
  (0.008)    
Other × Child under age 1 −0.071    
  (0.020)    
LEHS × Child under age 1  −0.014   
   (0.006)   
Some college × Child under age 1  −0.038   
   (0.009)   
BA or more × Child under age 1  −0.017   
   (0.008)   
Married × Child under age 1   −0.017  
    (0.005)  
Unmarried × Child under age 1   −0.050  
    (0.014)  
Presidential × Child under age 1    −0.023 
     (0.005) 
Midterm × Child under age 1    −0.021 
     (0.008) 
Democratic state × Child under age 1     −0.026
      (0.007)
Republican state × Child under age 1     −0.017
      (0.008)
Swing state × Child under age 1     −0.023
      (0.008)
Observations201,194201,194201,194201,194201,194201,194
R20.1980.1980.1980.1980.1980.198
Equality p value0.1260.0080.1200.0510.8710.702

Note: This table shows parameter estimates and standard errors (in parentheses) from estimating Equation (1) with interactions of a child under 1 with various father’s characteristics. The dependent variable equals 1 if the individual voted and 0 if he was eligible but did not vote. All regressions include state-by-year fixed effects and controls for race (White, Black, Latino, Asian), educational attainment (high school graduate, some college, college graduate, post-college), whether the individual is a naturalized citizen, whether the individual is married, whether voting behavior is reported by self or proxy, duration at current residence (indicators for less than 1 year, 1–2 years, and 3–4 years), and own age dummies. All regressions also include indicators for children ages 1–17. Observations are weighted using the CPS voter supplement weights. Standard errors are clustered at the state level.

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