Triangulation of institutional, market and organisational barriers to sustainable procurement
| Framework component | Quantitative evidence | Qualitative evidence | Triangulated interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Institutional constraints | PPPFA dominance (M = 4.75); absence of SP policy (M = 3.68); mandate conflict (M = 3.04) | Emphasis on PPPFA; policy–practice gap; environmental criteria absent | Regulatory logic structurally prioritises socio-economic compliance over sustainability |
| Governance failures | Corruption (M = 3.75) | Political interference; fronting; weak consequence management | Weak governance undermines transparent, sustainability-oriented procurement |
| Supplier-market constraints | Insufficient green suppliers (M = 4.75) | “No market for green suppliers”; low supplier awareness | Limited supplier readiness constrains feasible sustainable sourcing |
| Organisational practices | Economic dominance (M = 4.25); weak environmental focus (M = 3.21) | Cost-driven decisions; outdated specifications; no environmental audits | Routines favour cost and compliance over sustainability |
| Capability constraints | Low awareness (M = 3.21); skills gaps (M = 2.75) | Lack of training; limited understanding of SP | Human and technical capacity limits operationalisation of SP |
| Schedule moderation | Schedule 3: higher cost focus; lower awareness (p < 0.05) | Schedule 3 compliance-driven; Schedule 2 partial integration | Structural position moderates barrier severity and manifestation |
| Framework component | Quantitative evidence | Qualitative evidence | Triangulated interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Institutional constraints | PPPFA dominance ( | Emphasis on PPPFA; policy–practice gap; environmental criteria absent | Regulatory logic structurally prioritises socio-economic compliance over sustainability |
| Governance failures | Corruption ( | Political interference; fronting; weak consequence management | Weak governance undermines transparent, sustainability-oriented procurement |
| Supplier-market constraints | Insufficient green suppliers ( | “No market for green suppliers”; low supplier awareness | Limited supplier readiness constrains feasible sustainable sourcing |
| Organisational practices | Economic dominance ( | Cost-driven decisions; outdated specifications; no environmental audits | Routines favour cost and compliance over sustainability |
| Capability constraints | Low awareness ( | Lack of training; limited understanding of SP | Human and technical capacity limits operationalisation of SP |
| Schedule moderation | Schedule 3: higher cost focus; lower awareness ( | Schedule 3 compliance-driven; Schedule 2 partial integration | Structural position moderates barrier severity and manifestation |
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