Climate change exposure and the costs of high leverage.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCEXPOt-2 × HLEVt-2 | -0.0132*** (-3.21) | -0.0131*** (- 3.20) | -0.0138*** (-3.18) | -0.0138*** (-3.18) |
| CCEXPOt-2 | 0.0082*** (3.21) | 0.0082*** (3.21) | 0.0085*** (3.18) | 0.0086*** (3.19) |
| CSRt-2 × HLEVt-2 | 0.0077**(2.52) | 0.0055*(1.81) | ||
| CSRt-2 | -0.0099***( - 4.70) | -0.0084***(-4.10) | ||
| HLEVt-2 | -0.0183*** (-3.81) | -0.0188*** (-3.88) | -0.0203*** (-4.18) | -0.0205*** (- 4.20) |
| SIZEt | 0.0371*** (7.30) | 0.0374*** (7.40) | 0.0533*** (8.58) | 0.0536*** (8.64) |
| COMPETITIONt | 0.0868** (1.97) | 0.0867** (1.97) | 0.1292 (0.84) | 0.1426 (0.94) |
| PROFITt-1 | -0.0907*** (-4.22) | -0.0908*** (-4.23) | -0.0852*** (-2.96) | -0.0857*** (- 2.96) |
| PROFITt-2 | -0.0306 (-1.45) | -0.0308 (-1.46) | -0.0543* (-1.89) | -0.0551* (-1.92) |
| INVESTMENTt-1 | 0.1429* (1.84) | 0.1394* (1.80) | 0.0739 (1.04) | 0.0716 (1.01) |
| INVESTMENTt-2 | -0.0899 (-1.12) | -0.0895 (-1.12) | -0.0136 (-0.19) | -0.0137 (-0.19) |
| SELLEXPt-1 | -0.0018 (-0.13) | -0.0020 (-0.15) | 0.0501 (1.33) | 0.0501 (1.33) |
| SELLEXPt-2 | 0.0220* (1.71) | 0.0219* (1.70) | 0.0190 (0.63) | 0.0190 (0.63) |
| COGSt-1 | -0.3550*** (-13.03) | -0.3566*** (-13.11) | -0.3415*** (-11.90) | -0.3427*** (-11.95) |
| COGSt-2 | 0.1607*** (6.37) | 0.1581*** (6.28) | 0.1753*** (6.52) | 0.1732*** (6.45) |
| PENALTY t-1 | -0.0006* (-1.77) | -0.0006* (-1.81) | -0.0009** (-2.56) | -0.0009*** (-2.61) |
| PENALTYt-2 | -0.0010*** (-2.93) | -0.0010*** (- 2.86) | -0.0011*** (-3.39) | -0.0011*** (-3.34) |
| CONSTANT | -0.0512** (-2.24) | -0.0552** (-2.42) | 0.0008( 0.01) | -0.0041 (-0.05) |
| N | 20,038 | 20,038 | 20,038 | 20,038 |
| R-squared | 5.12% | 5.26% | 18.53% | 18.62% |
| Firm F.E. | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Firm F.E. | Y | Y | ||
| Year × Industry F.E. | Y | Y |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -0.0132*** | -0.0131*** | -0.0138*** | -0.0138*** | |
| 0.0082*** | 0.0082*** | 0.0085*** | 0.0086*** | |
| 0.0077**(2.52) | 0.0055*(1.81) | |||
| -0.0099***( - 4.70) | -0.0084***(-4.10) | |||
| -0.0183*** | -0.0188*** | -0.0203*** | -0.0205*** | |
| 0.0371*** | 0.0374*** | 0.0533*** | 0.0536*** | |
| 0.0868** | 0.0867** | 0.1292 | 0.1426 | |
| -0.0907*** | -0.0908*** | -0.0852*** | -0.0857*** | |
| -0.0306 | -0.0308 | -0.0543* | -0.0551* | |
| 0.1429* | 0.1394* | 0.0739 | 0.0716 | |
| -0.0899 | -0.0895 | -0.0136 | -0.0137 | |
| -0.0018 | -0.0020 | 0.0501 | 0.0501 | |
| 0.0220* | 0.0219* | 0.0190 | 0.0190 | |
| -0.3550*** | -0.3566*** | -0.3415*** | -0.3427*** | |
| 0.1607*** | 0.1581*** | 0.1753*** | 0.1732*** | |
| -0.0006* | -0.0006* | -0.0009** | -0.0009*** | |
| -0.0010*** | -0.0010*** | -0.0011*** | -0.0011*** | |
| -0.0512** | -0.0552** | 0.0008( | -0.0041 | |
| 20,038 | 20,038 | 20,038 | 20,038 | |
| 5.12% | 5.26% | 18.53% | 18.62% | |
| Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Y | Y | |||
| Y | Y |
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